DI TII SULAWESI SELATAN | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12

Dhida Ramdani

23 Jun 202207:20

Summary

TLDRThe script delves into the historical events surrounding the DI TII Sulawesi Selatan rebellion in post-independence Indonesia. It begins with the Dutch attempts to regain control after the Japanese defeat in 1945, leading to resistance from various Indonesian groups. The script highlights the deep disappointment of Kahar Muzakkar, the leader of the South Sulawesi guerrilla forces, whose efforts to integrate his forces into the national army were rejected. This led to the outbreak of the rebellion in 1950. The narrative follows the rebellion's progression, the temporary acceptance of the guerrilla forces into the national reserve corps, and the eventual open rebellion in 1951. It culminates in the internal conflicts within the DI TII, the joining of forces with Kartosuwiryo's Islamic State of Indonesia, and the tragic end with the government's military action that resulted in Kahar Muzakkar's death, marking the end of the rebellion.

Takeaways

🇮🇩 After Indonesia's independence in 1945, the Dutch attempted to regain control, facing resistance from various groups including TKR and civilian unions.
🏹 The growth of 'Laskar' (people's armies) in Indonesia had negative impacts on the government's finances and the professionalism of the military by 1949.
🔧 Mohammad Hatta attempted to reorganize and rationalize the situation, directly affecting Far Muzakkar, the leader of the people's armies in Sulawesi.
🤔 Kahar Muzakkar was deeply disappointed by the rejection of the South Sulawesi Guerrilla Union (KGSS) to be included in the formation of the Brigade Hasanuddin.
🗓️ On July 1, 1950, Kahar Muzakkar, on behalf of KGSS, met with Territorial Commander 7, Wirabuana (Alex Kawilarang), to request KGSS's inclusion in the military organization, which was denied.
🚫 Kawilarang issued a decree dissolving KGSS and prohibiting soldiers from reviving it, leading to Kahar Muzakkar's decision to take 7000 KGSS troops into the forest on July 5, 1950, marking the beginning of the Kahar Muzakkar rebellion in South Sulawesi.
🏞️ After months in the forest, the government tried to meet KGSS's demands, and on November 13, 1950, Prime Minister Natsir accepted KGSS as part of the TNI (Indonesian National Army), albeit temporarily in the National Reserve Corps (CPNS).
🔄 However, distrust arose when the formation of the Brigade Hasanuddin was attempted without the necessity of Kahar's approval, leading to a renewed rebellion in August 1951.
📞 On January 20, 1952, Kahar Muzakkar began communicating with Kartosuwiryo, and by August 7, 1953, Kahar Muzakkar and KGSS joined the Islamic State of Indonesia led by Kartosuwiryo.
🔫 The rebellion escalated with internal conflicts within DI TII South Sulawesi, and by the end, Kahar Muzakkar lost almost half of his troops who decided to surrender to the government.
⚔️ The rebellion ended with military action by the government, who sent troops from the Siliwangi Division led by Lieutenant Umar Sumarsana, resulting in the death of Kahar Muzakkar on June 21, 1957, effectively ending the DI TII South Sulawesi rebellion.

Q & A

What was the main reason for the uprising of DI TII in South Sulawesi?
-The main reason for the uprising was the deep disappointment of Kahar Muzakkar due to the rejection of the integration of the South Sulawesi Guerrilla Union (KGSS) into the Indonesian National Army (TNI).
What was the role of the KGSS in the context of the Indonesian struggle for independence?
-The KGSS was a conglomeration of various local guerrilla forces in South Sulawesi that contributed to the guerrilla war to defend Indonesia's independence.
Why was the integration of KGSS into the TNI initially rejected?
-The integration was initially rejected because the majority of KGSS members did not meet the qualifications to enter the military organization.
What was the impact of the rejection on Kahar Muzakkar and the KGSS?
-The rejection led to a tense situation between Kahar Muzakkar and Kawilarang, and eventually, on July 5, 1950, Kahar Muzakkar decided to take the KGSS troops into the forest and started the uprising.
How did the Indonesian government initially respond to the demands of the KGSS?
-On November 13, 1950, Prime Minister Natsir accepted the KGSS as part of the TNI, but temporarily placed them in the National Reserve Corps (CPNS) before the formation of the Hasanuddin Brigade.
What was the consequence of the government's decision on Kahar Muzakkar and the KGSS?
-The decision softened the stance of Kahar Muzakkar and the KGSS, leading them to leave the forest and accept the government's policy.
What event led to the re-escalation of the uprising by Kahar Muzakkar?
-The re-escalation occurred when the Eastern Indonesian Military Commander, Letkol Kosasih, decided to approach the battalions within the KGSS and appoint them one by one without the necessity of Kahar's approval, making Kahar feel deceived.
When did Kahar Muzakkar and the KGSS officially join the Islamic State of Indonesia led by Kartosuwiryo?
-They officially joined the Islamic State of Indonesia on August 7, 1953.
What was the internal conflict within DI TII that eventually led to its downfall?
-The internal conflict was caused by Kahar's plan to reorganize the troops, which led to rejection from several key figures within DI TII, resulting in the loss of nearly half of the troops.
How did the uprising of DI TII in South Sulawesi come to an end?
-The uprising ended when the government dispatched troops from the Siliwangi Division, led by Lieutenant Umar Sumarsana, who successfully located and killed Kahar Muzakkar.

Outlines

00:00

🏰 The Rise of DI TII Sulawesi Selatan

This paragraph delves into the historical context of the Indonesian struggle for independence post-1945. It highlights the Dutch attempts to regain control over Indonesia and the resistance faced from both the TKR and civilian groups that formed various unions. The narrative focuses on the financial and professional challenges faced by the government and military, leading to the reorganization efforts by Hatta. The story of Kahar Muzakkar and the birth of the DI TII Sulawesi Selatan rebellion is introduced, detailing the rejection of the South Sulawesi Guerrilla Union (KGSS) by the military, the subsequent guerrilla movement into the jungle, and the eventual acceptance of KGSS into the Indonesian National Army (TNI). However, mistrust and internal conflicts led to an open rebellion in August 1951, culminating in the formation of a united Islamic state under Kartosuwiryo.

05:02

🔍 The Downfall of DI TII Sulawesi Selatan

Paragraph 2 continues the story of the DI TII Sulawesi Selatan rebellion, exploring the internal conflicts that arose within the movement. It discusses Kahar Muzakkar's efforts to reorganize the forces, which led to dissent and the loss of a significant portion of his troops. The government's military actions, led by the Siliwangi Division under the command of Lieutenant Umar Sumarsana, ultimately led to the discovery and elimination of Kahar Muzakkar. His death marked the end of the DI TII Sulawesi Selatan rebellion. The paragraph concludes with a summary of the key points: the background of the rebellion, its progression, the internal strife, and the government's military intervention that led to the rebellion's demise.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Indonesia Independence

Indonesia's independence refers to the country's declaration of freedom from colonial rule, which occurred in 1945. This event is central to the video's theme as it sets the historical backdrop for the subsequent events discussed, including the Dutch attempts to regain control and the resistance that emerged from various Indonesian groups.

💡Dutch

The term 'Dutch' in the script refers to the colonial power that once ruled Indonesia and attempted to reassert control after the country's independence. Their actions are a key part of the historical context that led to the formation of resistance movements and the events of the DI TII Sulawesi Selatan rebellion.

💡Laskar Rakyat

Laskar Rakyat translates to 'People's Army' and represents the various guerrilla groups that formed in response to the Dutch attempts to regain power in Indonesia. In the video, these groups are depicted as playing a significant role in the resistance and the eventual formation of the DI TII Sulawesi Selatan rebellion.

💡Kahar Muzakkar

Kahar Muzakkar is a key figure in the video, serving as the leader of the Laskar Rakyat in Sulawesi. His actions and decisions are central to the narrative, including his disillusionment with the rejection of the Kesatuan Gerilya Sulawesi Selatan (KGSS) and his subsequent rebellion.

💡KGSS (Kesatuan Gerilya Sulawesi Selatan)

KGSS, or the Sulawesi South Guerrilla Union, is a specific Laskar Rakyat group that contributed to the Indonesian independence war. The rejection of KGSS's integration into the formal military structure is a pivotal point in the script, leading to Kahar Muzakkar's rebellion.

💡Rebellion

The term 'rebellion' is used to describe the act of resisting or opposing an established authority or government, which in this video, is the Indonesian government's handling of the Laskar Rakyat groups. The rebellion led by Kahar Muzakkar is the main focus of the video, illustrating the conflict and its consequences.

💡Brigade Hasanuddin

Brigade Hasanuddin was a military unit that was proposed to integrate the Laskar Rakyat groups, including KGSS, into the formal Indonesian military structure. The script discusses the rejection of this proposal as a catalyst for the rebellion led by Kahar Muzakkar.

💡Panglima Teritorial

Panglima Teritorial refers to the Territorial Commander in the Indonesian military. In the script, Wirabuana, also known as Alex Kawilarang, is mentioned as the Panglima Teritorial who rejected the integration of KGSS into the military, leading to increased tensions.

💡Negara Islam Indonesia

Negara Islam Indonesia, or the Islamic State of Indonesia, is mentioned in the script as the entity that Kahar Muzakkar and his forces eventually joined. This alliance is a significant development in the narrative, showing the ideological shift and the broader implications of the rebellion.

💡Internal Conflict

Internal conflict within the DI TII Sulawesi Selatan is highlighted in the script as a factor that weakened Kahar Muzakkar's rebellion. Disagreements over reorganization and leadership led to divisions and ultimately contributed to the downfall of the rebellion.

💡Devi Siliwangi

Devi Siliwangi is the military division mentioned in the script that was sent to quell the rebellion. The successful operation led by Umar Sumarsana, resulting in the death of Kahar Muzakkar, signifies the end of the DI TII Sulawesi Selatan rebellion.

Highlights

Introduction to the history class on Indonesia's struggle for independence and the resistance against Dutch recolonization post-1945.

Formation of various unions and people's militias in response to Dutch attempts to regain power in Indonesia.

Negative impacts of the growth of militias on government finances and military professionalism by 1949.

Efforts by Hatta to reorganize and rationalize policies affecting the militias, including the leadership of Far Muzakkar.

Background of the DI TII rebellion in South Sulawesi, stemming from Kahar Muzakkar's deep disappointment.

Kahar Muzakkar's rejection of the integration of the South Sulawesi Guerrilla Union into the Indonesian military.

The meeting between Kahar Muzakkar and Panglima Teritorial VII Wirabuana, Alex Kawilarang, to request the inclusion of the South Sulawesi Guerrilla Union.

Kawilarang's refusal to include the South Sulawesi Guerrilla Union due to qualification issues, escalating tensions.

Kahar Muzakkar's decision to take 7000 troops into the forest and initiate the DI TII rebellion in South Sulawesi on July 5, 1950.

The Indonesian government's attempt to meet the demands of the South Sulawesi Guerrilla Union by accepting them into the National Reserve Corps.

Kahar Muzakkar's suspicion of the military's intentions, leading to a return to the forest and the open rebellion in August 1951.

Kahar Muzakkar's communication with Kartosuwiryo and the decision to join the Islamic State of Indonesia led by Kartosuwiryo in August 1953.

Internal conflicts within the DI TII in South Sulawesi and the loss of almost half of Kahar Muzakkar's troops.

The government's military action led by the Siliwangi Division, resulting in the death of Kahar Muzakkar and the end of the DI TII rebellion.

Conclusion of the DI TII rebellion's material, summarizing the key events and outcomes of the rebellion.