Animal Tissues

BYJU'S
30 Jun 201519:13

Summary

TLDRThis script delves into the four fundamental types of human body tissues: epithelial, muscular, connective, and nervous. It explains the roles of each tissue, from the protective epithelial layers to the dynamic muscular tissues that power movement. The script also highlights the importance of connective tissues like bones and blood, and the intricate workings of the nervous system, emphasizing the coordinated complexity that enables life's functions.

Takeaways

  • 🧬 Humans and animals are composed of four primary types of tissues: epithelial, muscular, connective, and nervous tissue.
  • πŸ‘€ Epithelial tissue acts as a protective covering for organs and cavities, with various classifications including simple squamous, cuboidal, and columnar, as well as stratified types.
  • πŸ” Simple squamous epithelium is found in areas requiring a thin barrier, such as blood vessels and lung alveoli, while stratified squamous epithelium is crucial for skin durability.
  • πŸ’ͺ Muscular tissue is responsible for movement and comes in three varieties: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac, each with distinct structures and functions.
  • πŸ‹οΈβ€β™‚οΈ Skeletal muscles are voluntary and show striations, while cardiac muscles are involuntary, rhythmically contract, and have intercalated discs for electrical impulse transfer.
  • 🦴 Connective tissue encompasses a wide range, including blood, bones, and various types of matrices that provide support and connection throughout the body.
  • 🩸 Blood is a connective tissue that transports oxygen and nutrients, with red blood cells containing hemoglobin which gives blood its red color.
  • 🦴 Bones provide the body's framework and reduce from 300 in infants to 206 in adults, with the feet containing a significant number of these bones.
  • 🀝 Ligaments and tendons are types of connective tissue that connect bones to each other and muscles to bones, respectively, with different levels of elasticity.
  • 🧠 The nervous system, composed of the brain and spinal cord, is made up of neurons and glial cells, which transmit electrical signals for communication within the body.
  • 🧠 Neurons have a unique structure likened to a tree, with dendrites, an axon, and axon terminals, facilitating the transmission of information through synapses.
  • πŸ€Ήβ€β™‚οΈ The nervous and muscular tissues work in harmony, with the nervous system controlling muscle movement and the muscular system enabling physical actions.

Q & A

  • What are the four basic types of tissues in the human body?

    -The four basic types of tissues in the human body are epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue.

  • What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

    -Epithelial tissue primarily serves as the covering and protecting layer of various organs and cavities within the body, forming a barrier to keep different body systems separate.

  • What does the term 'squamous' in the context of epithelial cells refer to?

    -Squamous refers to a type of epithelial cell that is thin and flat, resembling scales, and is found in places where a very thin barrier is needed, such as blood vessels or lung alveoli.

  • What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissues?

    -Simple epithelial tissues consist of a single layer of cells, while stratified epithelial tissues consist of multiple layers, providing additional protection and the ability to withstand wear and tear.

  • What are the three types of muscular tissues and their primary locations?

    -The three types of muscular tissues are skeletal muscle (attached to the skeleton), smooth muscle (found in the walls of organs like the iris of the eye and bronchi in the lungs), and cardiac muscle (found in the heart).

  • How does the structure of cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle?

    -Cardiac muscle cells are branched, cylindrical, and have a single nucleus with intercalated discs that facilitate electrical impulses for rhythmic contractions, unlike skeletal muscle cells which are long, cylindrical, unbranched, and multinucleated.

  • What is the most important function of blood in the body?

    -The most important function of blood is transportation, particularly of oxygen to every cell in the body.

  • Why is the brain particularly susceptible to damage related to oxygen deprivation?

    -The brain is susceptible to oxygen deprivation because it uses 20% of the oxygen that enters the bloodstream, despite making up only 2% of the body mass.

  • How does the number of bones in the human body change from birth to adulthood?

    -Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood, this number reduces to 206 as some bones fuse together during growth.

  • What are the two main components of the nervous system?

    -The two main components of the nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord.

  • What is the role of glial cells in the nervous system?

    -Glial cells support and insulate neurons, supply them with nutrients and oxygen, and help protect them by destroying pathogens.

Outlines

00:00

🧬 Epithelial Tissue: Our Body's Protective Covering

The first paragraph introduces the concept of epithelial tissue, which acts as the body's protective barrier and lining for various organs and cavities. It explains that epithelial tissues can be simple or stratified, with different shapes like squamous, cuboidal, and columnar, each serving specific functions. The paragraph delves into the roles of these tissues, such as providing a permeable surface for substance transport in blood vessels and lung alveoli, and protecting delicate linings in the esophagus and mouth. It also touches on the unique structure of pseudostratified epithelium found in the lungs and emphasizes the importance of epithelial tissues in maintaining the body's integrity and function.

05:03

πŸ’ͺ Muscular Tissue: Powering Movement and Expression

This paragraph focuses on muscular tissue, highlighting its role in movement and the unique contractile proteins that enable it. It distinguishes between three types of muscle tissues: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscles are voluntary and striated, aiding in deliberate movements, while smooth muscles are involuntary and control functions like blood vessel contraction and eye dilation. Cardiac muscles, found in the heart, are responsible for its rhythmic contractions. The paragraph also includes a quiz about the strongest muscle in the body, which is the tongue, and discusses the importance of muscles in facial expressions and overall health.

10:04

🩼 Connective Tissue: The Body's Supportive Framework

The third paragraph explores connective tissue, which includes a variety of substances that connect and support the body's structures. It discusses blood as a type of connective tissue, emphasizing its role in oxygen transportation and the importance of red blood cells containing hemoglobin. The paragraph also covers other connective tissues like bones, which provide the body's framework and support, ligaments and tendons, which connect bones to each other and muscles, respectively, and cartilage, which offers flexibility in areas like the nose and ears. It concludes with a look at softer connective tissues like arol tissue and adipose tissue, which play roles in repair and insulation, respectively.

15:04

🧠 Nervous Tissue: The Communication Network of the Body

The final paragraph delves into nervous tissue, which forms the body's complex nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. It explains the function of the nervous system in decision-making and communication through electrical signals. The paragraph describes neurons and glial cells, the primary components of nervous tissue, detailing their structures and functions. Neurons are depicted as the communication links, while glial cells are portrayed as supportive, providing nutrients, insulation, and protection. The paragraph concludes by illustrating how nervous tissue works in harmony with muscular tissue to facilitate movement, emphasizing the intricate coordination of different tissues in the body.

Mindmap

Keywords

πŸ’‘Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissue is a type of cellular covering that lines the surfaces of the body and internal organs. It is crucial for protection and selective permeability, allowing substances to pass through while keeping others out. In the video, it is mentioned that epithelial tissue covers most organs and cavities, forming a barrier to keep different body systems separate, such as the skin, the lining of the mouth, and the blood vessels. The script also describes different types of epithelial cells based on their shape and layering, like squamous, cuboidal, and columnar, each serving specific functions.

πŸ’‘Connective Tissue

Connective tissue is a diverse group of tissues that provide support, connection, and structure to the body. It includes various types such as bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue. The video script explains that connective tissue is involved in transportation, as seen in blood, which carries oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. It also discusses the composition of blood, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets, all of which are part of the connective tissue system.

πŸ’‘Muscular Tissue

Muscular tissue is responsible for movement and is composed of cells that have the ability to contract and relax. The video describes three types of muscular tissues: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control and are attached to the skeleton, as illustrated by the script's mention of the muscles in the arms and legs. Smooth muscles are involuntary and control the movement of substances in organs like the digestive tract, while cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is responsible for its rhythmic contractions.

πŸ’‘Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is essential for communication within the body and is composed of neurons and glial cells. The video script highlights the nervous system's role in sending and receiving stimuli and transmitting electrical impulses. Neurons are described as having a cell body, dendrites, an axon, and axon terminals, which facilitate the transfer of information through synapses. Glial cells support and insulate neurons, playing a critical role in the nervous system's function.

πŸ’‘Stratified Epithelium

Stratified epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells. The video script explains that stratified epithelium is found in areas where the body needs to withstand wear and tear, such as the skin. It is also mentioned that stratified epithelium can be of different cell types, such as squamous, cuboidal, and columnar, each serving a specific function in the body.

πŸ’‘Squamous Cells

Squamous cells are a type of epithelial cell that are flat and scale-like in appearance. They are found in areas where a thin barrier is needed, such as the lining of blood vessels and lung alveoli. The script uses the term 'squamous' to describe a simple layer of these cells, emphasizing their permeability and delicate lining function.

πŸ’‘Cuboidal Cells

Cuboidal cells are epithelial cells that are cube-shaped and are found in locations where mechanical support is important, such as the lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands. The video script mentions these cells in the context of providing structural support to these organs.

πŸ’‘Columnar Cells

Columnar cells are tall and cylindrical epithelial cells that line certain body cavities and tubes. The video script describes them as part of the stratified epithelium, particularly in the context of pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells found in the lungs, which have a unique arrangement that gives the appearance of stratification.

πŸ’‘Glial Cells

Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that support and protect neurons. The video script explains that glial cells are more numerous than neurons and perform various functions, including supplying nutrients and oxygen to neurons, insulating neurons, and playing a role in immune defense.

πŸ’‘Synapse

A synapse is a junction between two neurons where information is transmitted as electrical impulses. The video script describes the synapse as the location where neurons 'high jump' information from one to another, emphasizing the importance of this structure in the nervous system's communication.

πŸ’‘Pseudostratified Epithelium

Pseudostratified epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue that appears stratified but is actually composed of a single layer of cells. The video script mentions this term in the context of cells in the lungs that have a unique shape, with some cells wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, creating a misleading appearance of stratification.

Highlights

The human body is primarily composed of four types of tissue: epithelial, muscular, connective, and nervous tissue.

Epithelial tissue acts as the body's covering and protective layer, including the skin and linings of organs and cavities.

Epithelial tissues are classified into simple and stratified types based on the number of cell layers.

Squamous epithelial cells, resembling scales, are very soft and found in areas requiring a thin barrier, such as blood vessels and lung alveoli.

Cuboidal and columnar epithelial cells have distinct shapes and functions, with cuboidal cells providing mechanical support in kidney tubules and salivary glands.

Stratified epithelial tissues, with multiple layers, are found in the skin to withstand wear and tear, and in the lining of the mouth and esophagus.

Pseudostratified epithelium, misleading in appearance, is found in the lungs and has specialized functions.

Muscular tissue is responsible for movement and comes in three varieties: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

Skeletal muscles are voluntary and show striations under the microscope, while smooth muscles control involuntary movements without striations.

Cardiac muscle, found in the heart, has a unique structure with intercalated discs for electrical impulse transmission.

The tongue is identified as the strongest muscle in the body relative to its size, playing a crucial role in speech and swallowing.

Connective tissue encompasses various substances including bones, blood, and fat, serving diverse functions in the body.

Blood's red color is due to hemoglobin in red blood cells, which is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.

The brain, despite its small size relative to body mass, consumes the most oxygen, highlighting its high metabolic demand.

Bones provide the body's framework and reduce in number from birth to adulthood due to fusion.

Ligaments and tendons are types of connective tissue that connect bones to each other and muscles to bones, respectively.

Adipose tissue serves as a cushion and insulator within the body, with unique cellular structures filled with fat globules.

Nervous tissue forms the nervous system, with neurons and glial cells playing critical roles in transmitting and supporting electrical signals.

Glial cells, despite being less recognized, are more abundant than neurons and provide essential support and protection for them.

The nervous system's coordination with muscular tissue is fundamental to movement, showcasing the body's intricate design.

Transcripts

play00:00

although we animals are such a bunch of

play00:01

complicated creatures we are basically

play00:04

made up of just four types of tissue

play00:07

epithelial tissue muscular tissue

play00:10

connective tissue and nervous tissue now

play00:14

first up is the epithelial tissue you

play00:16

can think of them as the Thin packing or

play00:19

covering material of pretty much

play00:21

everything in our body so if you look at

play00:23

yourself in the mirror most of what you

play00:25

see is epithelial tissue so what are

play00:28

they they are the covering and and

play00:30

protecting tissues of our body

play00:32

epithelium covers most organs and

play00:35

Cavities within the body it also forms a

play00:37

barrier to keep different body systems

play00:39

separate so that they can go about their

play00:41

own function without interfering in

play00:43

other organ system functions the skin

play00:46

the lining of the mouth the lining of

play00:48

the blood vessels the lung alveoli

play00:50

kidney tubules all of these are made of

play00:53

epithelial tissue they are again

play00:55

classified based on how many of them are

play00:56

there together that is how many layers

play00:58

are there and how they look now based on

play01:01

how they look they can be just three of

play01:03

them very very simple very very easy

play01:06

they can be like a line they can be like

play01:09

a cube or they can be like a cylinder

play01:12

that's it only the one which looks like

play01:14

a line has a funny name a weird name

play01:17

actually more than funny

play01:18

squamous squamous you must be wondering

play01:21

what on Earth were they thinking I was

play01:23

also thinking the same thing but uh you

play01:25

know I realized that SAS has come from a

play01:28

Latin word

play01:30

Squam which means the scale of a fish or

play01:33

a serpent and true to the name they look

play01:36

like scales just that they aren't that

play01:39

hard in fact they aren't hard at all

play01:41

they are very very very soft the other

play01:43

two have very obvious names cuboidal and

play01:48

columnar now if you just put a single

play01:50

layer it's called Simple and if you put

play01:53

many layers no it's not called

play01:55

complicated hold on it's called

play01:57

stratified so simple and stratified

play02:00

let's do some permutations and

play02:02

combinations and then you have met every

play02:05

kind of epithelial cells there is to

play02:07

meet okay quiz time what's the first one

play02:10

I'm sure you'll get this it's simple SAS

play02:13

simply because there is one layer of

play02:15

Schamus epithelial cells and this one

play02:20

simple columnar single layer columnar

play02:23

cells and this one simple cuboidal you

play02:27

see where I'm getting I'm sure you are

play02:30

okay what about this one there's more

play02:31

than one layer so it's stratified what

play02:35

is the type of cells cuboidal so

play02:37

stratified cuboidal cells next what

play02:40

about this this one is also simple many

play02:43

layers so stratified and type of cells

play02:46

squas so stratified squalus or squamous

play02:49

stratified and I've saved the best one

play02:51

for the last this one is tricky so pay

play02:54

tension this looks neither simple nor

play02:56

stratified some cells are wider at the

play02:58

bottom and narrower at the top while

play03:00

other cells are narrow at the bottom and

play03:02

wider at the top it's like they're

play03:04

faking it right they are faking

play03:05

stratified epithelium or they're half

play03:08

stratified epithelium you might have

play03:09

heard the word pseudo before it means

play03:12

misleading or deceptive and that's

play03:14

exactly their mean Pudo stratified

play03:17

epithelium and they are found in the

play03:19

lungs and they have some Celia on it

play03:21

they have an awesome name for that too

play03:24

pseudostratified cated columnar

play03:26

epithelial cells wow okay now that you

play03:30

know how they look you need to

play03:32

understand what they do they all look

play03:33

their different special ways for a

play03:35

reason right so let's understand that

play03:38

simple squamous for example is found in

play03:40

cells lining blood vessels or lung

play03:43

alveoli where transportation of

play03:45

substances has to happen through a

play03:47

permeable surface that is in places

play03:49

where you need a very very very thin

play03:51

barrier and where else are they found

play03:53

whenever you need a delicate lining the

play03:56

esophagus and the lining of the mouth

play03:58

are also covered with squamous

play04:01

epithelium now the skin which protects

play04:04

the body so nicely is also made up of

play04:06

squamous epithelium but not one layer of

play04:10

spus epithelium since your body sheds

play04:13

skin yes it does you just cannot see it

play04:15

because the particles are way too small

play04:18

epithelial cells are arranged in many

play04:20

many layers to prevent bear and tear

play04:22

around 600,000 particles of skin get

play04:24

shed every hour you logically cannot

play04:27

keep regenerating a single layer of spus

play04:29

eal cells right so here you will have

play04:32

yes you'll have stratified squamous

play04:34

epithelial cells so these multiple

play04:36

layers ensure that the skin can

play04:38

withstand normal wear and tear you can

play04:41

actually you know gently very gently

play04:44

scrape the inner side of his cheek stain

play04:47

it and observe it under the microscope

play04:49

you'll find stratified scus epithelial

play04:51

cells okay where would you find cuboidal

play04:54

cells in the lining of kidney tubules

play04:57

and ducts of salivary glands where

play05:00

mechanical support becomes important now

play05:02

epithelial cells can graduate further

play05:04

earn themselves another degree and

play05:06

specialize themselves to form glands

play05:09

sometimes a portion of the epithelial

play05:10

tissue folds Inward and a multicellular

play05:13

gland is formed this is glandular

play05:16

epithelium now a gland is an organ which

play05:19

just gives out stuff the stuff that it

play05:21

gives out can either be retained inside

play05:23

the body or secreted outside the body

play05:25

like salivary glands where saliva goes

play05:27

out and sweat glands where sweat goes

play05:29

out these are perfect examples of glands

play05:32

which secrete substances outside the

play05:33

body next up muscular tissue when you

play05:37

think muscular you think movement well

play05:39

you also conjure up images of Ric ran or

play05:41

ar or swash and Egger taking care of the

play05:43

bad guys and you're right a hell lot of

play05:46

muscle tissue in your biceps and your

play05:49

triceps will take you closer to the

play05:51

arnal swash and egar look now you may

play05:54

already know this it's easier to be

play05:56

happy it takes 17 muscles to smile and

play05:59

43 to frown unless you're trying to give

play06:01

your face you know a workout smiling is

play06:03

a much easier option for most of us

play06:06

anyone who's ever scared or frown for a

play06:08

long period of time knows just how

play06:11

tiresome it is and how it doesn't do

play06:13

anything to actually improve your mood

play06:17

okay so there's something very special

play06:18

about the muscles they contain an

play06:20

exclusive protein which helps in

play06:22

movement these are called contractile

play06:24

proteins these contract and relax and

play06:27

then they cause movement contractile

play06:30

proteins okay muscular tissue comes in

play06:32

three varieties and they have very very

play06:34

obvious names one skeletal muscle so

play06:37

where are they found yes they're

play06:38

attached to the bones of the body or the

play06:40

skeleton of the body now these are

play06:42

muscles that move when you want them to

play06:44

move they help you make a voluntary

play06:47

movement and are called voluntary

play06:49

muscles if I were to skip and jump in

play06:51

front of you it would be completely

play06:53

voluntary though totally weird and is a

play06:55

perfect example of my skeletal muscles

play06:58

in motion in fact fact you use 200

play07:01

muscles to take one step that's a lot of

play07:05

work for the muscles considering that

play07:07

most of you take about 10,000 steps a

play07:10

day and if you're not taking 10,000 at

play07:12

least 10,000 steps a day you're spending

play07:14

way too much time in front of the TV or

play07:16

the computer go out and play go on okay

play07:19

so now back to how skeletal muscles look

play07:22

how exactly do they look when you stain

play07:24

them and look at them under the

play07:26

microscope some striations or B hands

play07:29

can be seen that's why they're also

play07:31

called stried muscles the cells in the

play07:33

muscles are long cylindrical unbranched

play07:37

and multinucleated multinucleated means

play07:40

having many nuclei that's all once you

play07:42

have a nice meal the movement of food

play07:44

through the digestive tract is the last

play07:46

thing you need to think about right

play07:48

that's because our body is so welld

play07:50

designed that it does it on its own so

play07:53

if I'm to classify this the example of

play07:55

movement of food down the elementary

play07:56

Canal or say the contraction and

play07:58

relaxation of blood vessels are

play08:00

involuntary the involuntary muscles

play08:03

control their movements they do not show

play08:05

any striations or bands when stained and

play08:07

because of that they are also called

play08:09

unstriated muscles very obvious and very

play08:12

simple names now we cannot stop their

play08:14

movements even if we want to do so the

play08:16

iris of the eye and the broni in the

play08:18

lungs all have unstriated muscles looks

play08:21

like scientists loved giving them

play08:23

different names based on how they look

play08:25

look smooth and spindle like with a

play08:27

single nucleus they are also called

play08:30

smooth muscles and the last type the

play08:33

movement which keeps you alive the

play08:36

cardiac muscle and I'm sure you have

play08:39

already guessed where it's found yes in

play08:41

the heart the muscles of the heart show

play08:44

a nice rhythmic moment of contraction

play08:46

and relaxation throughout our life and

play08:49

how do they look they're cylindrical

play08:51

branched and they have a single nucleus

play08:53

they look a lot like stried muscles just

play08:56

they have these little intercalated

play08:57

discs that is going to transfer

play09:00

electrical impulses through the heart

play09:02

causing these contractions to happen so

play09:04

if I were to put these three types side

play09:06

by side what do I see voluntary muscles

play09:09

also called skeletal muscles long

play09:12

cylindrical unbranched and multi

play09:15

nucleate and then I have involuntary

play09:18

muscles of two types one smooth muscles

play09:21

that are long with pointed ends spindle

play09:23

shaped and they have a single nucleus

play09:26

and cardiac muscles that are branched

play09:29

cylindrical and again with a single

play09:32

nucleus now here's a little pop quiz

play09:35

question for you which is the strongest

play09:37

muscle in the body I don't think you

play09:40

would have guess this it's the tongue

play09:42

yes the tongue while you may actually

play09:44

not be able to bench press too much with

play09:46

your tongue it is in fact the strongest

play09:48

muscle in your body in proportion to its

play09:50

size if you think about it every time

play09:52

you eat swallow talk you use your tongue

play09:55

right ensuring that it gets quite a big

play09:57

workout throughout day okay connective

play10:01

tissue and as the name suggests it has

play10:03

something to do with connections and is

play10:05

a part of all connecting substances of

play10:07

our body like bones blood and fat and

play10:11

what exactly makes blood red the fluid

play10:13

part of Blood The Matrix is actually

play10:15

colorless and it's called plasma plasma

play10:18

contains proteins salts and hormones so

play10:21

in this plasma you have some red blood

play10:24

cells what we call rbc's white blood

play10:27

cells wbcs and plets floating around and

play10:31

it's the rbcs as you guessed which give

play10:33

the blood the distinctive red color and

play10:36

again it's a substance called hemoglobin

play10:38

inside the RBC which cause it to be red

play10:40

so what is the most important function

play10:42

of blood

play10:44

Transportation yes but transportation of

play10:47

what oxygen oxygen that drives every

play10:51

single cell in your body the hemoglobin

play10:54

in your RBC carries oxygen and supplies

play10:56

it to every cell in your body and you

play10:58

know what your brain uses 20% of that

play11:01

oxygen which enters your bloodstream the

play11:03

brain only makes up 2% of our body mass

play11:06

yet consumes more oxygen than any other

play11:09

organ in the body making it extremely

play11:11

susceptible to damage related to oxygen

play11:13

deprivation so breathe deep to keep your

play11:16

brain happy and swimming in oxygenated

play11:18

cells now the heart the muscle man of

play11:22

the circulatory system let's take our

play11:23

memory back to cardiac muscle pumps the

play11:26

blood all through the body blood just

play11:29

cannot flow because of gravitation you

play11:31

know in fact the human heart you know

play11:33

creates that much pressure enough

play11:36

pressure to squirt blood an astounding

play11:39

30 ft uh there used to be a medieval

play11:43

misbelief that aristocratic blood was

play11:45

blue it's of a Spanish origin sangri aul

play11:48

which means of blue blood and was used

play11:51

to refer to someone of very high rank

play11:52

and birth and let's keep the suspense

play11:55

going I'm going to let you find out why

play11:58

why is it that Royal families are said

play12:00

to have or said to have believed to have

play12:03

blue blood our blood is red for sure

play12:06

because of the iron content in the

play12:08

hemoglobin that I spoke about just now

play12:11

there are some blue blooded creatures

play12:13

spiders and crabs May for good make for

play12:15

good examples they have something

play12:17

similar to blood it's called hemolymph

play12:19

and there is a copper based pigment in

play12:21

that which makes it blue what about

play12:23

white blood cells typically used in

play12:26

defense to protect our body against

play12:27

foreign invaders no they're not going to

play12:29

dish out a sword and armor from your

play12:31

body and get you War Ready I am talking

play12:33

about Invaders at a microscopic level

play12:36

viruses parasites the ones that aren't

play12:39

really supposed to be in our body but

play12:40

are there we need to get rid of them

play12:42

real fast and the wbcs actually help you

play12:46

do that now platelets are found only in

play12:49

mammals and they help in the clotting of

play12:52

blood so three major blood types rbcs

play12:55

wbcs platelets all swimming around

play12:58

happily in in the plasma the next type

play13:01

of connective tissue that you should

play13:02

know about is the bone the framework

play13:05

that supports the body and forms the

play13:08

most valuable archaeological finds due

play13:10

to which we're able to find out so many

play13:13

evolutionary relationships and answer

play13:15

some critical questions like where we

play13:17

exactly came from one interesting fact

play13:21

about bones is that you are born with

play13:23

more bones than when you die yes really

play13:27

babies are born with 300 bones but by

play13:30

the time you reach adulthood the number

play13:31

is reduced to 206 that's because some

play13:34

bones fuse together as you get

play13:37

older and your feet account for one

play13:40

quarter of all your body's bones you may

play13:43

not really give your feet much thought

play13:44

but they are home to more bones than any

play13:47

other part of your body so how many

play13:50

exactly of the 200 or so bones in the

play13:52

body of the 206 bones in the body the

play13:55

feet contain a whooping

play13:58

52 now Bones come in a very hard Matrix

play14:01

made up of calcium and phosphorus you

play14:03

must have seen all these calcium

play14:05

supplements right that is for

play14:07

strengthening your

play14:08

bones now two bones can be connected to

play14:11

each other by another type of connective

play14:14

tissue called the ligament when you run

play14:17

and twist your ankle a minor injury that

play14:20

could happen to you is a ligament tear a

play14:23

major injury would be a fracture now

play14:25

that's where there's a crack in your

play14:27

bone and if you ever had it you know it

play14:29

it's very very painful the ligament is

play14:33

very elastic with very little Matrix and

play14:37

then you have tendons which connect

play14:39

muscles to bones they are filled with

play14:42

fibers and not that elastic okay so to

play14:45

summarize ligament is bone to bone and

play14:48

tendon is muscle to Bone so ligaments

play14:51

and tendons two important type of

play14:53

connections cartilage is found in your

play14:56

nose and your ears try twisting them a

play14:59

bit and you can see that this is

play15:00

actually possible however you cannot

play15:03

bend the bones in your arms or legs both

play15:07

are types of connective tissue but see

play15:09

how different they are and how does it

play15:12

look it has some widely spaced cells and

play15:15

a solid Matrix embedded with proteins

play15:19

and sugars now let's talk about some of

play15:21

the softer connective tissues the tissue

play15:23

that connects the skin and the muscle

play15:26

all around the blood vessels and in the

play15:29

bone marrow the bone marrow fills up the

play15:31

hollow part of the bone it's a little

play15:33

bit aier if I'm allowed to use that word

play15:35

compared to Bone and tendon and this

play15:38

ligament is called AOL tissue this

play15:41

tissue is like a medical emergency kit

play15:43

as well and helps in the repair of

play15:46

damaged tissues another soft tissue that

play15:49

you would read about or learn about is

play15:50

the fat tissue or the adipose tissue

play15:54

that does all the cushioning and in some

play15:55

cases the extra cushioning of our body

play15:58

and where is the is found this is easy

play16:00

between the skin and the internal organs

play16:03

the cells of this tissue are filled with

play16:05

fat globules and this also will serve as

play16:08

an insulator so you have blood cells

play16:12

bone ligament tendons arol tissue

play16:17

adipose tissue all unique all special

play16:21

all important and all different types of

play16:23

connective tissue and we made our

play16:26

journey to the last tissue the nervous

play16:28

tissue

play16:29

it comes together to form nervous system

play16:31

of the body whose main components are

play16:34

the big boss the brain and the spinal

play16:36

cord so what exactly does the nervous

play16:38

system do it takes all important

play16:40

decisions for you about what the body

play16:42

should do how it should look like and so

play16:43

on and so on and since this is such an

play16:46

important system you would have guessed

play16:48

that the cells in the system would be

play16:49

super special too and you are right the

play16:52

nervous tissues comprised of very very

play16:54

special cells called neurons and Gile

play16:57

cells now the work of the nervous system

play16:59

is to one send stimuli like touch smell

play17:03

taste sight and hearing and two send

play17:05

impulses across the body through

play17:07

electrical signals now neurons look like

play17:10

typical cells with a cell body and a

play17:12

nucleus now this is an important diagram

play17:14

from an exam point of view and will make

play17:17

it very easy if you ask me for an

play17:19

analogy as you can see it looks

play17:22

something like a tree with branches the

play17:24

trunk and The Roots the branches are the

play17:27

dendrites the trunk is the axon and the

play17:30

routs are called the axon terminals you

play17:32

heard that word before right what

play17:34

exactly happens in a train or a bus

play17:36

terminal trains or buses come in and go

play17:39

out similarly at the axon terminals

play17:42

important information through electrical

play17:45

impulses transferred from one neuron to

play17:48

the other they actually high jump across

play17:50

from one neuron to the other through the

play17:52

small space called the synapse but gal

play17:56

cells they aren't as famous as neurons

play17:58

right in fact all the attention is

play18:00

stolen by the nerve cells no one even

play18:02

talks about Gia that is plural for gal

play18:05

cells but the fact is that there are 10

play18:07

to 50 times more gal cells in our body

play18:10

than nerve cells but neurons cannot even

play18:13

function properly without the gal cells

play18:15

they are the personal secretaries of the

play18:17

neuron and do a lot of chores for the

play18:19

neurons they hang around in bunches all

play18:21

around the nerve cells in Greek actually

play18:23

Gia means glue the glue of the nervous

play18:25

system although only this is partially

play18:27

accurate they do go surround the neurons

play18:29

and support them but along with that

play18:32

they Supply nutrients and oxygen to the

play18:35

neurons they insulate one neuron from

play18:38

the other and they also destroy

play18:41

pathogens and help in protecting these

play18:44

neurons many nerve fibers bundle up

play18:48

together with the connective tissue and

play18:50

make up a nerve the nerve impulses

play18:54

generated allow us to actually move our

play18:57

muscles so this nice

play18:59

neat interplay of nervous and muscular

play19:02

tissue is fundamental to movement you

play19:04

can clearly see how different tissues

play19:06

come together in such perfect

play19:09

coordination to give you the gift of

play19:12

life

Rate This
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
Human AnatomyEpithelial TissueMuscular TissueConnective TissueNervous TissueBody SystemsTissue TypesBiological ScienceHealth EducationMedical LearningPhysiology