Norway: Is It The Perfect Economy?
Summary
TLDRNorway, often lauded for its successful mixed economy, boasts high GDP per capita, robust trade surplus, and one of the world's most skilled workforces. Despite its oil wealth, the government prudently manages its finances, investing in a sovereign wealth fund that ethically excludes harmful industries. This approach ensures long-term stability and a high standard of living for its citizens, although it comes with a high cost of living and taxes. The country's economic model is an example of responsible resource management and social welfare, though its success is not easily replicable due to unique circumstances.
Takeaways
- π΅ Norway is recognized for its successful mixed economy, combining elements of socialism and capitalism.
- π Norway has one of the highest GDPs per capita, trailing only Switzerland and a few micro-nations.
- πΌ The country boasts a robust trade surplus, high life expectancy, a skilled workforce, and low unemployment rates.
- π Norway has a high proportion of university graduates and is internationally recognized as a business-friendly environment.
- π° Despite its wealth, Norway is economically equal, with a smaller income disparity compared to the OECD average.
- π οΈ Workers in Norway enjoy strong protections, resulting in rare instances of overwork or the need for second jobs.
- π The country's citizens are among the happiest in the world, supported by a high standard of living and social welfare.
- π Norway's economic transformation began in the 1960s with the discovery of oil in the North Sea and prudent management of oil revenues.
- π¦ The government's establishment of a sovereign wealth fund, the largest in the world, has secured Norway's financial future.
- π« The fund is ethically managed, avoiding investments in harmful industries and companies that violate labor rights.
- πΌ Norway's high taxes and cost of living are accepted by its citizens in exchange for a strong welfare system and economic security.
- π€ While Norway serves as a model for prudent economic management, its success is not solely replicable and requires consideration of unique national circumstances.
Q & A
What makes Norway a remarkable country in terms of its economy?
-Norway is remarkable for having one of the highest GDPs per capita in the world, a robust trade surplus, high national life expectancy, an extremely skilled workforce with a high proportion of university graduates, and a very low unemployment rate. It is also internationally recognized as a place that is very easy to do business in.
How does Norway's economic equality compare to other countries?
-Norway is one of the most economically equal countries in the world. After taxes, a single individual from the bottom 20 percent of income earners in Norway earns on average a quarter of what their top 20 percent income earner does, which is significantly more equal compared to the OECD average where top fifth earners make an income ten times that of their bottom fifth counterparts.
What are the working conditions like in Norway?
-Norway has extremely robust worker protections, making it rare for people to work extremely long hours or need second jobs to support themselves. According to the OECD Better Life Index, only 3 percent of employees work very long hours, compared to the OECD average of 11% and the American average of 33%.
How did Norway's economic situation change from the 1960s to now?
-In the 1960s, Norway's economy was mainly based on fishing with a GDP similar in size to underdeveloped countries. However, the discovery of oil in the North Sea in 1969 and the prudent management of oil revenues transformed Norway into an economic powerhouse with a GDP that grew over five times in the 1970s.
What role did the discovery of oil play in Norway's economic growth?
-The discovery of oil in the North Sea led to a significant increase in Norway's GDP, as the country produced more oil per capita than any other country in the world in the mid-1970s. The oil wealth was managed prudently by the government through a publicly run company, ensuring that the profits went directly to the government rather than private shareholders.
How does Norway manage its oil wealth differently from other oil-rich countries?
-Instead of spending the oil wealth on public spending sprees or reducing taxes, the Norwegian government invested the revenue into a sovereign wealth fund, ensuring that the wealth would benefit the citizens in the long term and not just provide short-term gains.
What is the purpose of Norway's sovereign wealth fund?
-The sovereign wealth fund, which is the largest in the world, belongs to the people of Norway and is designed to ensure that the revenue from the sale of natural resources benefits the citizens. The fund's profits are used to fund education, a strong welfare system, public infrastructure, and reinvestment into the fund itself.
What ethical considerations guide the investment decisions of Norway's sovereign wealth fund?
-An ethical council oversees the fund's investment decisions, excluding investments in weapons manufacturers, tobacco companies, and companies that have caused severe environmental damage or breached workers' rights and labor laws. The fund is also forbidden from investing in fossil energy companies and is not allowed to invest in Norway itself.
How has the management of Norway's sovereign wealth fund contributed to its economic stability?
-The fund's prudent management and diversification of investments have made Norway's economy independent of its domestic oil industry. This ensures that even if the oil wealth were to diminish, the country would still have a secure financial future.
What are some of the economic challenges that Norway faces despite its prosperity?
-Despite its prosperity, Norway has a high cost of living compared to wages, and high taxes mean that the average Norwegian worker takes home less money than might be expected given their high income. The cost of everyday items and services is also significantly higher than in many other countries.
Can Norway's economic model be replicated by other countries?
-While Norway's economic model is successful and can serve as a framework for countries with similar opportunities, it is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Each country's unique circumstances and resources must be considered, and simply copying Norway's policies may not yield the same results.
Outlines
π Economic Success of Norway
Norway is highlighted as an exemplary socialist-capitalist mixed economy with high GDP per capita, robust trade surplus, and a highly skilled workforce. Despite being economically equal, the country still exhibits a disparity in income distribution. Norway's success is attributed to prudent management of its oil wealth, which began in the 1960s with the discovery of oil in the North Sea and the establishment of a state-owned company, Stat. The government's revenue from oil was invested into a sovereign wealth fund, ensuring long-term financial security and ethical investment practices, excluding harmful industries and companies that violate labor laws.
πΌ Norway's Prudent Fiscal Policies and Sovereign Wealth Fund
The government of Norway chose not to indulge in short-term public spending sprees but instead invested its oil wealth into the world's largest sovereign wealth fund. This fund, belonging to the Norwegian people, is managed to ensure future generations' financial stability. The fund's investments are diverse and ethically guided, avoiding harmful industries and companies. It also refrains from investing in fossil fuel companies and, notably, does not invest in Norway itself, ensuring the fund's performance is independent of the domestic economy.
π High Cost of Living and Economic Issues in Norway
Despite its economic prosperity, Norway faces the challenge of a high cost of living, which is mitigated by the country's strong welfare system. Citizens accept high taxes and living costs in exchange for comprehensive social security, including healthcare, education, and unemployment benefits. While the average Norwegian earns more than the US average, the cost of everyday items and services is significantly higher. The video concludes by acknowledging Norway's unique economic situation and the impracticality of expecting other countries to replicate its success without similar circumstances.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Socialist Capitalist Mixed Economy
π‘GDP per Capita
π‘Trade Surplus
π‘Life Expectancy
π‘Workforce
π‘Unemployment Rate
π‘Economic Equality
π‘Workers Protections
π‘Sovereign Wealth Fund
π‘Ethical Investing
π‘Cost of Living
Highlights
Norway is recognized as a successful example of a mixed socialist-capitalist economy.
Norway has one of the highest GDPs per capita, only behind Switzerland and a few micro-nations.
The country boasts a robust trade surplus, high life expectancy, and a highly skilled workforce.
Norway has a very low unemployment rate and is internationally recognized as a business-friendly environment.
Economic equality in Norway is notable, with a smaller income disparity compared to the OECD average.
Workers in Norway enjoy strong protections, resulting in rare instances of excessively long work hours.
Citizens of Norway are among the happiest in the world, despite the country's harsh climate.
Norway's prosperity is not solely due to luck; it has evolved from an economy based on fishing in the 1960s.
The discovery of oil in the North Sea in 1969 transformed Norway's economy.
Norway's oil production per capita was the highest in the world in the mid-1970s.
The prudent management of oil revenue by the government through a publicly run company, Stat, contributed to Norway's wealth.
Norway's government established the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, investing oil profits for future generations.
The fund is ethically invested, avoiding companies involved in weapons, tobacco, environmental damage, and labor law violations.
The fund's performance is independent of the Norwegian economy, as it invests in foreign companies and securities.
Despite high taxes and cost of living, Norwegians value the security and welfare provided by their economic system.
Norway's economic success is not easily replicable, but it serves as a model for prudent management of natural resource wealth.
Transcripts
this is Norway Norway is a remarkable
country that has time and time again
being used as the poster child for a
socialist capitalist mixed economy done
right the country boasts one of the
highest GDP s per capita in the world
falling only behind Switzerland and a
select group of micro Nations the
country has a robust trade surplus one
of the highest national life
expectancies an extremely skilled
workforce with one of the highest
proportion of university graduates of
any country in the world a very very low
unemployment rate and international
recognition as a place that is very easy
to do business what is more remarkable
is that Norway has achieved this while
also being one of the most economically
equal countries in the world after taxes
a single individual from the bottom 20
percent of income earners in Norway
still learns on average a quarter of
what their top 20 percent income earner
would now this still sounds pretty
unfair but compared to the OECD average
which has top fifth earners making an
income ten times that of their bottom
fifth counterparts this four times
disparity is remarkably equal the good
news keeps on coming when considering
working conditions Norway has extremely
robust workers protections meaning that
social issues like working extremely
long hours or people needing second jobs
to support themselves is very rare in
fact the OECD better life index notes
that only 3 percent of employees work
very long hours when compared to the
OECD average of 11% or the American
average of 33% all of this contributes
to the citizens of Norway being some of
the happiest in the world
despite their country looking like this
for half the year
so what is this secret Norway by all
standards should be the model that most
citizens would want to replicate in
their own countries so why haven't other
countries adopted similar economic
policies to those in Norway is this
country just lucky outlier or could this
success be replicated in other economies
around the world well the truth is that
Norway wasn't always this prosperous
this is Norway in the 1960s it was an
economy mainly based on fishing with a
GDP similar in size to underdeveloped
countries like Bangladesh or Nigeria now
in fairness Norway's population was and
still is far smaller than these other
countries and the average Norwegian back
then had a quality of life similar to
their European neighbors in Spain Greece
but Norway in the 1960s was still a far
cry from the economic powerhouse it is
today
this all started to change though in May
of 1963 when the Norwegian government
asserted sovereign rights over natural
resources in this area of the North Sea
this was basically the government saying
that this ocean here this is ours now oh
if we happen to find any oil here that's
ours too now fortunately Norway was a
member of NATO and so it did not get the
freedom treatment that other countries
did when they tried out this
nationalizing business in the 1960s but
six years later in 1969 a ship called
the ocean Viking struck oil in the North
Sea and from that oil production in the
region exploded because they found a lot
of oil like a lot a lot like 1.6 million
barrels a day a lot this meant that in
the mid 1970s Norway produced more oil
per capita than any other country in the
world and even today it is only beaten
out by q8 the United Arab Emirates and
Saudi Arabia now I know what you are
thinking
this is not a story about another
country that just got rich off oil and
now everybody in the country is living
like a freshly signed NFL player it is
actually the opposite rather than
getting drunk off the oil wealth they
had discovered the Norwegian government
was very prudent with the revenue from
these finite resources the oil boom
caused Norway's GDP to grow over five
times in the 1970s growing from 12
billion to 65 billion dollars in this
period but this newfound wealth was not
being generated through private
companies like shell Exxon or BP but
rather a publicly run and owned company
called stat all this meant that the
profits from oil and natural gas sales
were not going to fill the pockets of
private shareholders but rather directly
to the government this made the
Norwegian government very very rich
meaning that if they wanted to they
could have easily gone on a public
spending spree building fancy cities and
public infrastructure while also
reducing taxes just like many other
countries have done in a similar
position this kind of approach would
have been very popular among citizens
because short term it meant less taxes
and a booster quality of life but they
didn't and today income and business
taxes in Norway are still among some of
the highest in the world
fortunately for Norway the government
had the foresight to realize that oil
wealth was not forever and that the
citizens of Norway would not be
satisfied if they had to go back to
fishing in a generations time so the
government invested the money into a
piggy bank a very large piggy bank
called a sovereign wealth fund in fact
this is the largest sovereign wealth
fund in the world beating out China's
state investment corporation which is
remarkable considering that China has a
population 270 times larger than
Norway's this is a fund that belongs to
the people of Norway the rationale is
that this oil and these natural
resources were originally the property
of
Norwegian people and so it is they who
should receive the revenue from the sale
of those resources this means that every
man woman and child who is a citizen of
Norway essentially has around $200,000
invested into what is a giant hedge fund
now this money is unfortunately not
accessible by these citizens to spend on
gold-plated Lamborghinis or super yachts
the money itself is actually not even
accessible to the Norwegian government
in fact only the profit generated from
these investments is used to fund things
like education shops to explain the very
skilled workforce a very strong welfare
system public infrastructure and of
course reinvestment into the fund itself
in 2017 the fund made an incredible 131
billion u.s. dollars from its
investments now this fund is a very
diverse portfolio of stocks bonds cash
commodities but what it does invest in
is not nearly as interesting as what it
does not invest in the Norwegian
government set up an ethical Council
that oversees investing decisions of all
of the fun and it has excluded investing
in things like weapons manufacturers
tobacco companies and companies that
have caused severe environmental damage
or companies that have breached workers
rights and labor laws
additionally in an effort to diversify
where they get their money from the fund
is also forbidden to invest in fossil
energy companies perhaps most
interesting of all is that there is one
country on the planet that is expressly
forbidden to invest and you could
probably hazard a guess as to what that
is yeah that's right it's good old not
Norway this means that all the
investments of this fund are actually in
foreign companies Securities and
commodities now despite the massive
political power that gives Norway to
influence foreign companies it also
means that the funds performance is
independent of the Norwegian economy
now this fund was a fantastic piece of
thoughtful by the Norwegian government
and practically means that Norway is now
the National equivalent of the guy that
wins the lottery keeps his day job and
invests his money into a stock portfolio
it certainly is not as cool and it does
not get as much attention as blowing it
all on bombastic displays of wealth but
it does mean that they will be safe and
secure for generations to come
to finish it up it is only fair to look
at some of the economic issues that are
present in Norway first and foremost is
that it still has an incredibly high
cost of living compared to wages given
the very high taxes the average
Norwegian worker is bringing home about
thirty two hundred US dollars a month
now
this is far higher than the US average
of two thousand seven hundred and thirty
two US dollars per month but it does not
go nearly as far because Norway is an
expensive place a mid-range restaurant
meal in America tends to run about fifty
dollars for two people without drinks in
Norway expect to be paying about ninety
two dollars a monthly utility bill for
u.s. gas electricity water and garbage
is expected to be about a hundred and
thirty dollars that same bill in Norway
is a hundred and seventy six a new very
basic family car such as a base model
Volkswagen Golf can easily be had in
America for around twenty thousand
dollars in Norway that same car would
cost you thirty six thousand four
hundred and seventy three dollars which
is particularly ironic given the
proximity to where these cars are
actually manufactured now the citizens
of Norway do almost universally agree
though that they are happy to put up
with these high taxes and this
incredibly high cost of living for
everyday items because in return they do
not have to worry about serious economic
hardship nobody in Norway is gonna go
bankrupt because of a medical situation
nobody has to worry about taking on
crippling debt to get an education and
they do not have the fear of being
homeless if they lose their jobs
so is Norway really the perfect economy
should it be what every treasurer hangs
a poster
above their bed to look at at night well
no not really to anyone who has watched
this channel before all two of you you
will know that I am a huge fan of
planned social democratic economic
systems and Norway is a great example of
such a system they have done everything
right with the opportunities that they
have been given but they were still
extremely lucky and expecting that every
country can get to where Norway is today
just by copying and pasting their
current government fiscal policies is
foolish that been said if you do find
yourself in charge of a country that has
won the oil lottery or is riding the
high of any other economic boom Norway
really should be the framework that you
are working off thanks for watching guys
as always all of the references for this
video are in the description along with
my email if you have any other further
questions about what has been said here
[Music]
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)