Bedanya Sosialisme, Komunisme, dan Marhaenisme

Summary

The video delves into the complexities of socialism and its potential paths to eradicating workers' suffering under capitalism. It explores contrasting ideologies, from Utopian Socialists advocating for social reform and non-violence, to Karl Marx's belief in inevitable class struggle and revolution. The philosophical backdrop of Hegel's dialectic process is discussed, outlining how contradictions lead to social change. It also touches on Soekarno's relationship with Marxism, clarifying that while he embraced elements of socialism, he was not a communist and sought unity among diverse ideologies in Indonesia through NASAKOM.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Socialism aims to eliminate workers' suffering under capitalism, but the methods to achieve this—through revolution or democratic reform—are debated.
• 🤔 There is a question of whether capitalism is destined to collapse and whether socialism can create a utopian society.
• 🌀 Hegel's philosophy describes social change as a dialectical process involving thesis, antithesis, and synthesis.
• 💡 Utopian socialists believe in human kindness and that societal reforms and education can fix systemic problems, sometimes advocating violence to achieve their goals.
• 📚 Karl Marx viewed contradictions not only in ideas but in the capitalist system itself, particularly between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
• ⚔️ Marx predicted that these contradictions would eventually lead to a 'fight to the death' between social classes, a process called Dialectical Materialism.
• 🌐 Revolutionary tactics vary depending on the social conditions of each country, leading to multiple interpretations of Marx's thought.
• 👨‍🌾 The Marhaen class, including farmers, small traders, beggars, and small businessmen, represents a unique social group in Indonesia.
• ❌ Soekarno, although inspired by Marxist ideas, explicitly rejected being labeled a communist in interviews.
• ✌️ Soekarno was not anti-communist and condemned left-phobia, advocating for ideological coexistence in Indonesia.
• 🇮🇩 To promote this coexistence, Soekarno created NASAKOM, an integration of Nationalist, Religious, and Communist ideologies.

Q & A

What is the main goal of socialism according to the transcript?

Socialism aims to eradicate the suffering of workers under the capitalist system.

How do proponents of socialism differ in their approach to achieving their goal?

Some believe socialism can be achieved through revolution, while others advocate for democratic means and social reform.

What role does Hegel's philosophy play in understanding social change?

Hegel's philosophy explains social change through a process of contradictions, efforts to reconcile them, and new contradictions that lead to the evolution of new truths, known as 'Dialectic.'

What are the three elements in Hegel's theory of dialectical change?

The three elements are thesis (a thought), antithesis (a contradiction), and synthesis (the resolution that becomes the new truth).

How do Utopian Socialists view human nature and the implementation of socialism?

Utopian Socialists believe that humans are kind-hearted and capable of understanding each other. They think social reform and improving the education system can fix the system, and they may resort to violence to implement socialism.

What distinguishes Karl Marx's view from Utopian Socialists' in terms of contradiction?

Karl Marx argued that contradictions are not just in the mind but are intrinsic to the capitalist system, especially in the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, which Marx believed would lead to a 'fight to the death' or revolution.

What is the term used by Karl Marx to describe the material contradictions in capitalism?

Marx called this process 'Dialectical Materialism,' which focuses on the contradictions within the material conditions of capitalism.

How do different social conditions in various countries affect the implementation of Marxist revolution?

The social conditions in each country affect the tactics used to conduct revolution, which is why Marx's ideas have been interpreted differently in different contexts.

What is the role of 'Marhaen' in Soekarno's ideology?

Marhaen refers to the people who are part of the lower class, such as farmers, small traders, beggars, and small businesspeople. Soekarno believed this group was central to his vision of Indonesia's future.

Is Soekarno considered a communist based on his admiration for Karl Marx?

No, Soekarno was not a communist. He rejected such accusations in interviews, although he was also not anti-communist. Soekarno advocated for the coexistence of differing ideologies in Indonesia.

What is NASAKOM, and what does it represent in Soekarno's vision for Indonesia?

NASAKOM stands for Nationalist, Religious, and Communist, a concept Soekarno developed to encourage the coexistence of differing ideologies in Indonesia.