Pertumbuhan & Perkembangan pada Hewan | Biologi

Summary

This video explores the growth and development of animals, outlining key stages from fertilization to maturity. The process begins with fertilization, followed by the embryonic phase, which includes stages like morula, blastula, and gastrula, leading to organogenesis. Animal growth is marked by physical size increase, while development focuses on behavior and organ complexity. Post-embryonically, animals experience growth, and some undergo metamorphosis or metagenesis, which involves alternating sexual and asexual reproduction. The video highlights differences in growth and development, illustrating these processes through examples like fur growth, reproduction, and metamorphosis in various species.

Takeaways

• 😀 Growth and development in animals, similar to humans, involve all parts of the body and begin with fertilization.
• 😀 Growth in animals is measurable quantitatively (size and weight increase), while development is qualitative (changes in structure and function of organs).
• 😀 Growth is irreversible and stops at a certain age, while development continues over time and is reversible.
• 😀 Growth is marked by physical increases, while development is identified through behavior and internal changes.
• 😀 There are three types of animal reproduction: viviparous (live birth), oviparous (egg-laying), and ovoviviparous (egg-laying with internal embryo development).
• 😀 The embryonic development stage includes morula (cell division), blastula (hollow ball formation), gastrula (formation of new cavities), and organogenesis (organ development).
• 😀 Different layers of the gastrula (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) give rise to various organs, such as digestive, skeletal, and nervous systems.
• 😀 Post-embryonic development involves growth from juvenile to adult, forming the life cycle of animals.
• 😀 Metamorphosis, a gradual change in animal form from larva to adult, is seen in amphibians and insects and is classified into perfect and imperfect types.
• 😀 Metagenesis is the alternation between sexual and asexual reproduction, as seen in animals like jellyfish.
• 😀 Examples of growth and development in animals include fur growth, height and weight increase, longer nails, reproduction, and the process of metamorphosis and metagenesis.

Q & A

What is the main difference between growth and development in animals?

Growth in animals is a quantitative process, measurable by the increase in size and weight. Development, on the other hand, is qualitative, involving changes in the structure, function, and behavior of the animal, which cannot be measured numerically.

How is the growth of animals measured?

The growth of animals is measured quantitatively, which means it can be expressed in numbers, typically in terms of size, weight, or volume.

What are the two main phases of animal development?

The two main phases of animal development are the embryonic phase and the post-embryonic phase.

What happens during the embryonic phase of animal development?

During the embryonic phase, the fertilized egg undergoes a series of divisions, eventually forming an embryo. The stages include morula, blastula, gastrulation, and organogenesis, where the organs and body structures begin to form.

What are the key stages of the embryonic development process?

The key stages of embryonic development are morula, blastula, gastrulation, and organogenesis, where each stage involves critical changes like the formation of cell layers and the development of body organs.

What are the three layers formed during gastrulation, and what do they develop into?

The three layers formed during gastrulation are the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The endoderm develops into digestive and respiratory organs, the mesoderm into muscles, skeletal system, and circulatory system, and the ectoderm into skin, hair, and the nervous system.

What is the difference between perfect and imperfect metamorphosis in animals?

In perfect metamorphosis, there is a dramatic change in form, where the young (larvae) looks very different from the adult (e.g., butterflies, flies). In imperfect metamorphosis, the young (nymph) resembles the adult but lacks features like wings, which develop later (e.g., grasshoppers).

What is metagenesis, and which animals experience this process?

Metagenesis is the alternation between sexual and asexual reproduction phases. It occurs in certain animals, like jellyfish, where the organism alternates between asexual and sexual stages in its life cycle.

How do viviparous, oviparous, and ovoviviparous animals differ in their reproductive processes?

Viviparous animals give birth to live young, with the embryo developing in the mother's body. Oviparous animals lay eggs, and the embryo develops outside the body. Ovoviviparous animals lay eggs, but the embryo develops inside the mother's body, and the young are born live.

How does the growth of animals relate to their survival and adaptation to the environment?

As animals grow and develop, they become more capable of surviving and adapting to their environment. This includes physical growth, such as fur or nails, as well as behavioral and physiological development that improves their chances of survival.