A Linha do Tempo e a Periodização da História | Prof. Thiago Rodrigues

Summary

This educational video discusses the study of history, emphasizing the importance of understanding human transformations in time and space. The teacher explains the concept of periodization in history, dividing it into five major periods: prehistory, ancient age, middle ages, modern age, and contemporary age. Critiques of this traditional timeline are also highlighted, especially its Eurocentric focus and the misleading term 'prehistory.' The teacher encourages students to engage with various historical sources, not just written ones, and emphasizes the global context of historical events beyond Europe.

Takeaways

• 😀 History is the study of human transformations in time and space, involving three essential elements: man, time, and space.
• 📅 Chronological time marks the passage of time on a calendar, while historical time focuses on human transformations over that period.
• 🕰️ The timeline divides human history into five major periods: Prehistory, Ancient Age, Middle Ages, Modern Age, and Contemporary Age.
• 📜 Prehistory spans from the emergence of humans to the invention of writing, around 3500 BCE.
• 🏛️ The Ancient Age starts with the invention of writing and ends with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE.
• ⚔️ The Middle Ages last from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (476 CE) to the fall of Constantinople in 1453 CE.
• 🚀 The Modern Age begins with the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and ends with the French Revolution in 1789.
• 🌍 The Contemporary Age starts with the French Revolution in 1789 and continues to the present day.
• 📚 The traditional historical periodization is criticized for being Eurocentric, focusing mainly on events in Europe and neglecting other regions like Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
• 🖼️ The system also prioritizes written sources over unwritten sources like photographs, paintings, and oral traditions, despite their importance in understanding history.

Q & A

What is the main objective of history according to the teacher?

The main objective of history is to study human transformations in time and space. History focuses on how human beings have changed and evolved over time and across different regions of the world.

What are the three essential components of history mentioned in the script?

The three essential components of history are: man, time, and space. Without any of these components, history cannot exist.

How does the teacher distinguish between historical time and chronological time?

Historical time refers to the transformations of humanity over time, while chronological time marks the passage of time on a calendar, without necessarily involving human change or events.

What is a timeline, and when was it created?

A timeline is a representation of the history of humanity arranged in chronological order. It was created by historians in the 18th century to simplify the study of history.

How is history divided into periods according to the script?

History is divided into five major historical periods: prehistory, ancient age, middle ages, modern age, and contemporary age. Each period is marked by significant human events and transformations.

Why does the teacher criticize the term 'prehistory'?

The teacher criticizes the term 'prehistory' because it suggests that societies without writing have no history, which is not true. Many societies without writing still made important contributions and had significant histories.

What is the significance of the invention of writing in historical periods?

The invention of writing marks the transition from prehistory to history. It allows for the recording and preservation of human achievements and events, shaping how we study history.

Why is the fall of the Roman Empire in the West significant in the study of history?

The fall of the Roman Empire in the West in 476 AD marks the end of the ancient age and the beginning of the middle ages. This event is a major milestone in the historical timeline.

How do historians view the division between different historical periods?

Historians criticize the division of history into periods such as ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary because these periods primarily focus on European events and overlook significant developments in other parts of the world, like Africa, Asia, and America.

What is the importance of unwritten historical sources, according to the teacher?

Unwritten historical sources, such as photographs, paintings, and oral traditions, are as important as written sources. They provide valuable insights into history and help understand the context of historical events from different perspectives.