Sistemas sociais de notação do tempo ao longo da história. Prof. Gilson

Summary

In this educational video, Professor Gilson delves into the essence of history as a human science, focusing on human actions and transformations over time. He introduces three temporal concepts: natural time, chronological time, and historical time, each reflecting different human perceptions and measurements of time. Gilson also outlines significant historical periods, from prehistory to contemporary times, emphasizing the importance of understanding these divisions to study history effectively.

Takeaways

• 📚 History is a science that studies human actions and transformations over time.
• ⏳ There are three forms of time: natural time, chronological time, and historical time.
• 🌍 Natural time is the unaltered flow of time, such as day and night, influenced by the Earth's rotation and revolution.
• 🕰 Chronological time is an artificial construct created by humans to measure time, using units like seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years.
• 📈 Historical time refers to periods selected by historians for study, which can be short, medium, or long duration.
• 🌐 The Maya civilization is noted for its advanced calendar system and astronomical knowledge.
• 🔭 The invention of the wristwatch by Brazilian aviation pioneer Santos Dumont is an example of human innovation in timekeeping.
• 📈 Historical periods are marked by significant events or changes, such as the fall of the Western Roman Empire or the French Revolution.
• 📖 The five major periods of history are Prehistory, Antiquity, Middle Ages, Modern Age, and Contemporary Age.
• 📝 The invention of writing by the Sumerians around 4000 BCE marks the end of Prehistory and the beginning of Antiquity.
• 🏛️ The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE signifies the end of Antiquity and the start of the Middle Ages.

Q & A

What is the definition of history according to the script?

History is defined as a science that studies the actions and transformations that humans make in the world over time.

What are the three forms of time discussed in the script?

The three forms of time are natural time, chronological time, and historical time.

How is natural time described in the script?

Natural time is the time that flows naturally without human interference, such as the day-night cycle and the seasons caused by the Earth's rotation and revolution.

What is the difference between natural time and chronological time?

Natural time is the time that occurs naturally, like the Earth's rotation and revolution, while chronological time is an artificial time created by humans using mechanisms like clocks and units of measurement.

What is the role of historical time in the study of history?

Historical time refers to the periods selected by historians for study, which can be of short, medium, or long duration.

Who is Fernand Braudel, and what contribution does the script attribute to him?

Fernand Braudel is a significant French historian who classified historical time into three durations: short duration, medium duration, and long duration.

What are the five major periods of history mentioned in the script?

The five major periods of history are: Prehistory, Ancient Age, Middle Ages, Modern Age, and Contemporary Age.

What significant event marks the end of the Prehistory and the beginning of the Ancient Age according to the script?

The invention of writing, specifically cuneiform by the Sumerians around 4000 BCE, marks the end of Prehistory and the beginning of the Ancient Age.

What is the significance of the year 476 AD in the script's historical timeline?

The year 476 AD is significant as it marks the fall of the Western Roman Empire, signaling the end of the Ancient Age and the beginning of the Middle Ages.

How does the script describe the transition from the Modern Age to the Contemporary Age?

The script describes the transition from the Modern Age to the Contemporary Age as occurring after the French Revolution in 1789, which led to the era of republics.

What are the subdivisions of Prehistory mentioned in the script?

The subdivisions of Prehistory mentioned are the Paleolithic (Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (New Stone Age).