SINKRONIK DAN DIAKRONIK DALAM ILMU SEJARAH || SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 10 (SEPULUH) #2

Anzani Mutiara

17 Aug 202009:45

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script delves into the concepts of historical thinking, focusing on the study of Indonesian history. It introduces five key perspectives: chronological order, diachronic analysis emphasizing 'when' an event occurs, synchronic analysis that broadens the view beyond time, the causality concept linking cause and effect, and periodization categorizing events by time frames. The script uses the Indonesian independence proclamation as an example to illustrate these concepts, aiming to deepen the understanding of historical processes and human life.

Takeaways

📚 The video discusses the concept of history as a science, focusing on different perspectives and ways of thinking within historical studies.
🕰 The first concept introduced is 'kronologis', which is about arranging historical events in chronological order to understand the sequence of human life and events.
📝 'Kronologis' is important for comparing historical events from different places during the same time period and relies on the correct order of events.
🔄 'Anakronis' is mentioned as the opposite of 'kronologis', referring to the misplacement of events in time, which can complicate understanding and comparison of history.
🗓 'Diachronik' is a concept that focuses on the development of events over time, emphasizing the 'when' aspect of historical occurrences.
📍 'Synchronik' expands the perspective beyond time to include space and other factors, providing a broader view of historical events.
🔗 'Kausalitas' or 'causality' is the concept that every historical event has a cause and effect, which can be used to analyze the reasons behind events and their consequences.
📉 The example of President Soeharto's resignation is used to illustrate the concept of 'kausalitas', showing how economic crises led to student demonstrations and ultimately his resignation.
⏳ 'Periodisasi' or 'periodization' is the categorization of historical events based on time periods, making it easier to understand the flow of events chronologically.
🗂 The script provides examples of periodization in Indonesian history, such as the period of Dutch colonial rule, Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, through to the 'New Order' era.
🌐 The five concepts discussed are essential for understanding historical events and provide different lenses through which to view and analyze the past.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?
-The main topic discussed in the video script is the concepts of historical thinking, specifically focusing on the perspectives of kronologis, diakronik, sinkronik, kausalitas, and periodisasi in the context of Indonesian history.
What does 'kronologis' mean in the context of history?
-'Kronologis' refers to the chronological order of events, where history is arranged based on the sequence of dates and occurrences, making it easier to compare events from different places in the same time period.
Why is the concept of 'kronologis' important in understanding history?
-The concept of 'kronologis' is important because it helps in organizing historical events in a sequential order, which aids in understanding the flow of life and occurrences in the past.
What is the meaning of 'anakronis' in historical context?
-In historical context, 'anakronis' refers to the misplacement of events and objects in history that do not align with their actual chronological order, making it difficult to compare events from the same period.
Can you provide an example of how 'diakronik' is applied in the script?
-An example of 'diakronik' in the script is the focus on the specific date of the Indonesian Proclamation of Independence, August 17, 1945, emphasizing the 'when' aspect of the event.
How does the 'sinkronik' concept differ from 'diakronik'?
-The 'sinkronik' concept differs from 'diakronik' by broadening the perspective to include not only the time but also the space and other factors surrounding an event, providing a more comprehensive understanding.
What is the 'kausalitas' concept in history?
-'Kausalitas' is the concept of cause and effect in history, suggesting that every event has a reason for happening and will lead to certain consequences, which can be used to analyze historical occurrences.
Can you give an example of how 'periodisasi' is used in the script?
-In the script, 'periodisasi' is exemplified by categorizing historical events into different periods, such as the period of Dutch colonization, the Japanese occupation, the revolution and independence period, and the New Order era in Indonesia.
Why is the concept of 'periodisasi' useful in historical studies?
-The concept of 'periodisasi' is useful in historical studies as it helps to categorize and group events based on their occurrence time, making it easier for readers to follow the chronological progression of events.
How does the script use the concept of 'kronologis' to explain the Indonesian Proclamation of Independence?
-The script uses the concept of 'kronologis' to explain the Indonesian Proclamation of Independence by listing the sequence of events leading up to it, such as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the subsequent surrender of Japan, culminating in the proclamation by Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta.
What is the significance of the date August 17, 1945, in Indonesian history according to the script?
-According to the script, the date August 17, 1945, is significant in Indonesian history as it marks the day when Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaimed the independence of Indonesia.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Understanding Historical Perspectives

This paragraph introduces the concept of history as a discipline, focusing on the first chapter which discusses the perspectives used in historical thinking. It explains the importance of the chronological concept in history, where events are arranged in the order of their occurrence. The paragraph provides the definition of 'chronology' from the Indonesian dictionary and emphasizes the difficulty in comparing historical events if they are not arranged sequentially. It uses the example of Indonesia's independence to illustrate the application of the chronological concept, showing the sequence of events from the proclamation of independence to the surrender of Japan.

05:00

🗓 Exploring Diachronic, Synchronic, and Causal Concepts in History

The second paragraph delves into various historical concepts, starting with 'diachronic', which focuses on the timing of events. It then contrasts this with 'synchronic', a broader concept that includes not only time but also space and other factors. The paragraph uses the example of Indonesia's proclamation of independence to demonstrate how synchronic analysis considers additional elements like the people involved and the values derived from the event. It also introduces 'causality', the idea that events have causes and effects, using the end of President Suharto's rule as an example. Lastly, the paragraph discusses 'periodization', a method of dividing history into distinct periods to facilitate a chronological understanding of events, providing examples of historical periods in Indonesia.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Kronologis

Kronologis refers to the chronological order of historical events, which is the sequence in which they occurred over time. In the video, this concept is crucial for understanding how events are arranged and analyzed in history. For instance, the script mentions arranging the events of Indonesian independence in a chronological order, starting from March 1, 1945, to August 17, 1945, when Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence.

💡Diachronic

Diachronic is a term derived from Greek, meaning 'across time'. It is used to describe the study of events or phenomena as they unfold over time. In the video, diachronic analysis is used to focus on the development and changes of historical events, such as the evolution of a situation or the transformation of a society. The script illustrates this with the example of Indonesia's independence proclamation, highlighting the progression of events leading up to the declaration.

💡Synchronic

Synchronic analysis, in contrast to diachronic, looks at historical events or phenomena at a specific point in time, considering all related aspects such as space and social context. The video explains that synchronic analysis is broader than diachronic, as it includes not only the timing but also the spatial and contextual elements of an event. An example given is the Indonesian independence proclamation, where synchronic analysis would consider who was involved, where it took place, and the values associated with the event.

💡Causality

Causality in history refers to the concept that events have causes and effects. It is used to analyze why certain events happen and what their consequences are. The video script uses the example of President Soeharto's resignation, attributing it to the economic crisis in Indonesia that led to student demonstrations, which in turn caused his resignation. This concept helps to understand the relationships between historical events.

💡Periodization

Periodization is the division of history into distinct periods or epochs, often based on significant events or changes. This concept helps to categorize and understand the flow of historical events in a structured manner. The video provides examples of periodization in Indonesian history, such as the period of Dutch colonization, the Japanese occupation, the revolution period, and the New Order era, each with its own start and end dates.

💡Anachronic

Anachronic refers to the incorrect chronological order of historical events or objects, which is the opposite of what is intended in historical analysis. The video mentions that if historical events are not arranged in the correct sequence, it becomes difficult to compare them with events in other places during the same time, thus anachronic arrangements can lead to misunderstandings of history.

💡Historical Perspective

Historical perspective is the approach or viewpoint from which history is analyzed. The video emphasizes the importance of different perspectives in understanding history, such as kronologis, diakronik, and sinkronik, each offering a unique way to interpret and analyze past events.

💡Proclamation of Independence

The Proclamation of Independence is a pivotal event in Indonesian history, mentioned in the video as an example of applying historical concepts. It illustrates the use of diachronic and synchronic analysis, as well as the importance of understanding the timing (17 August 1945) and the context of this event.

💡Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta

Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta are key figures in Indonesian history, known for their roles in the country's struggle for independence. The video script uses them as examples of historical figures whose actions and the timing of their proclamation of independence are analyzed using the concepts of diachronic and synchronic perspectives.

💡Crisis

Crisis, as mentioned in the context of President Soeharto's era, refers to a time of intense difficulty, instability, or danger. The video uses the economic crisis as a cause that led to student demonstrations and eventually to Soeharto's resignation, demonstrating the application of the concept of causality in historical analysis.

Highlights

Introduction to the concept of history as a science and the importance of perspectives in historical thinking.

Explanation of the 'kronologis' concept, emphasizing the chronological order of events in history.

Definition of 'kronologis' from the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, highlighting the sequence of events over time.

Clarification of 'anakronis' as the incorrect placement of historical events and objects out of chronological order.

Illustration of how to apply the 'kronologis' concept by organizing personal weekly events in chronological order.

Presentation of a chronological table of Indonesian independence events, starting from March 1, 1945.

Discussion on the 'diakronik' concept, derived from Greek, focusing on the timing of historical events.

Emphasis on the 'diakronik' concept's focus on when events occur, using the Indonesian Proclamation of Independence as an example.

Introduction of the 'sinkronik' concept, which broadens the perspective to include space and other factors beyond time.

Elaboration on the 'kausalitas' concept, linking events with their causes and effects in historical analysis.

Use of the 'kausalitas' concept to analyze President Soeharto's resignation due to the economic crisis and student demonstrations.

Explanation of 'periodisasi' as a method of dividing historical study into time periods for easier understanding.

Examples of historical periodization in Indonesia, ranging from 1800 to 1968, highlighting significant events in each period.

The practical application of 'periodisasi' in categorizing historical events based on their occurrence timeline.

Conclusion summarizing the five concepts of historical thinking presented in the video.

Encouragement for viewers to understand the material of history as a science with enthusiasm.

Closing with a sign-off in Arabic, wishing peace and blessings until the next video.