Benzena dan Turunannya • Part 5: Sifat dan Kegunaan Senyawa Turunan Benzena (1)

Summary

This video provides an insightful exploration of benzene derivatives, including toluene, phenol, aniline, and benzoic acid. It covers their physical properties, chemical reactions, and practical applications. Toluene serves as a solvent and fuel additive, phenol is a weak acid used in various products like aspirin, aniline acts as a weak base and is integral in dye manufacturing, and benzoic acid is utilized as a preservative and disinfectant. The video also highlights key chemical reactions, such as oxidation, halogenation, and nitration, essential for understanding these compounds' behavior in different settings.

Takeaways

• 😀 Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, is a benzene derivative with uses as a solvent, an octane enhancer, and as a raw material for producing benzoic acid and phenol.
• 😀 Toluene undergoes oxidation to form benzoic acid when reacted with oxidizers like KMnO4, and can also undergo halogenation reactions with catalysts to form compounds like trichlorotoluene.
• 😀 In halogenation reactions, toluene reacts differently depending on the catalyst used; a save catalyst leads to substitution in the benzene ring, while UV light causes substitution in the methyl group.
• 😀 Toluene can also undergo nitration reactions, forming 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is an explosive material used in bombs.
• 😀 Phenol, a benzene derivative with an OH group, is a weak acid due to resonance in its structure, making it easier to release H+ ions compared to alcohol.
• 😀 Phenol can be distinguished from alcohols by its weak acidic nature, its ability to form phenolate salts when reacted with bases, and its lack of reactivity with active metals.
• 😀 Unlike alcohols, phenol does not react with acids in esterification, but it does react with bases to form salts like sodium phenolate.
• 😀 Aniline, a weak base derived from benzene, reacts with acids to form anilinium ions, making it a base in chemical reactions.
• 😀 Aniline is primarily used in dye manufacturing, the rubber industry, photo washing, and in explosives, fungicides, herbicides, and petroleum processing.
• 😀 Nitro compounds like trinitrotoluene (TNT) and trinitrobenzene are used as explosives, with TNT being derived from toluene and trinitrobenzene having similar explosive properties.

Q & A

What is toluene, and what are its key properties?

Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, is a liquid at room temperature. It is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether. It is used as a solvent for carbon compounds, paints, glue, and ink, as well as an octane enhancer for aircraft fuel.

How is toluene oxidized to form benzoic acid?

Toluene is oxidized using an oxidizing agent like KMnO₄. This reaction converts the methyl group (CH₃) in toluene into a carboxyl group (COOH), resulting in the formation of benzoic acid.

What happens during the halogenation of toluene?

When toluene reacts with Cl₂ and a catalyst, it undergoes halogenation. The chlorine atoms replace hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring and the methyl group, leading to the formation of trichlorotoluene.

What is the effect of UV light on toluene during halogenation?

When toluene reacts with Cl₂ under UV light, the chlorine atoms primarily replace the hydrogen atoms on the methyl group (CH₃), forming benzyl chloride, rather than attacking the hydrogen on the benzene ring.

What is the significance of trinitrotoluene (TNT)?

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is formed by nitrating toluene, resulting in a highly explosive compound. It is commonly used in explosives due to its stability and high explosive power.

How is phenol different from alcohol in terms of acidity?

Phenol is weakly acidic due to the resonance effect in the benzene ring, making the bond between the OH group and the carbon stronger, which allows it to release H⁺ ions. In contrast, alcohols are neutral and do not exhibit this acidic behavior.

What are the key reactions involving phenol?

Phenol can react with bases to form phenolate salts, such as sodium phenolate. It does not react with acids like alcohols do, and it cannot be oxidized like alcohols.

What are the main uses of phenol?

Phenol is used as a disinfectant in floor cleaning products, a solvent in lubricating oil refining, and a raw material for making aspirin, backlight paint, antiseptics, soap, and deodorants.

Why is aniline considered a weak base?

Aniline is considered a weak base because its NH₂ group can react with acids to form anilinium ions. This behavior shows that aniline can accept protons, making it a base, but it does not exhibit strong basicity.

What are the uses of aniline in industry?

Aniline is primarily used as a base material in dye manufacturing. It is also used in the rubber industry, photo washing, polyurethane foam production, explosives, fungicides, herbicides, and petroleum processing.