Synthesis of benzoic acid (Oxidation of toluene)

Summary

In this experiment, benzoic acid is synthesized by oxidizing toluene with potassium permanganate in the presence of potassium hydroxide. The process involves heating the reaction mixture and controlling the temperature to ensure the oxidation of toluene. Manganese dioxide is produced as a by-product and is filtered out. The benzoic acid is precipitated by acidifying the solution, then recrystallized to obtain a yield of 4.81 grams (71%). Safety precautions are emphasized due to the hazardous nature of the chemicals involved. This method offers an insight into the oxidation process without the need for a phase transfer catalyst.

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