Mengapa Muhammadiyah dan NU Beda Penetapan Awal Bulan?

Summary

This video script explores the differences in how Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Indonesia determine the start of Ramadan and Eid. NU uses the *rukyah* method, relying on direct observation of the crescent moon, while Muhammadiyah employs the *hisab* method, which calculates the moon's position. The script explains how these two methods can lead to different dates for important Islamic events, as seen in the 2018 case of Dhulhijjah. Both methods are rooted in Islamic scholarship, and the conclusion emphasizes the importance of mutual respect for differing opinions to maintain harmony within the Muslim community.

Takeaways

• 😀 The difference in the determination of Ramadan and Eid dates in Indonesia arises from two main methods: rukyah (visual sighting of the moon) and hisab (astronomical calculation).
• 😀 Rukyah is based on physically observing the hilal (crescent moon), a practice followed by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Kemenag RI.
• 😀 Hisab involves using astronomical calculations to determine the moon’s visibility, which is the method employed by Muhammadiyah.
• 😀 The rukyah method relies on the direct sighting of the hilal, as demonstrated by Prophet Muhammad and his companions, making it a more traditional approach.
• 😀 Hisab is a more modern, precise approach that calculates the moon's position based on angles, with a threshold of 0° used to indicate the start of the new month.
• 😀 Disagreements occur when the moon is near the horizon but not visible to the naked eye, such as when the hilal is at 1° or 2° above the horizon.
• 😀 Kemenag RI's rukyah method may not see the hilal in such cases, while Muhammadiyah's hisab would already determine that the new month has begun.
• 😀 The date differences are a result of varying methods of determining moon visibility, which affects the exact start of Ramadan and Eid celebrations.
• 😀 Despite these differences, both methods are based on strong Islamic jurisprudence and respected scholarly interpretations.
• 😀 As Muslims in Indonesia, we are encouraged to respect these differences and maintain unity by understanding that both methods are valid and grounded in authentic Islamic sources.

Q & A

What are the two main methods used to determine the beginning of fasting and Eid in Indonesia?

The two main methods are Rukyat (visual observation of the moon) and Hisab (astronomical calculation).

How does the Rukyat method work in determining the start of Ramadan and Eid?

The Rukyat method relies on direct visual observation of the crescent moon (hilal). If the hilal is visible, fasting begins or Eid is celebrated.

What is the Hisab method used by Muhammadiyah to determine the start of Ramadan and Eid?

The Hisab method uses precise astronomical calculations to determine the moon's position. If the moon is above a certain degree, it is considered the beginning of a new lunar month.

What is the role of the Islamic scholars in determining the beginning of fasting and Eid?

Islamic scholars use both the Rukyat and Hisab methods based on their interpretations of Hadith and the Quran, with the goal of following valid Islamic practices.

What is the main difference between the Rukyat and Hisab methods?

The main difference is that Rukyat is based on visual observation of the moon, while Hisab is based on astronomical calculations that do not necessarily require sighting the moon.

Why is it difficult to observe the hilal using the Rukyat method sometimes?

It can be difficult to observe the hilal if the moon is too low in the sky, making it challenging to see with the naked eye, especially if it is under 3 degrees above the horizon.

What does the Quran say about the use of astronomical calculations (Hisab) in determining the months?

The Quran in Surah Yunus mentions the use of celestial bodies like the sun and moon to calculate time, indicating that Hisab, or calculation, is valid for determining lunar months.

What is the implication of the phrase 'if the moon is obstructed by clouds' in relation to the methods?

This phrase suggests that if the moon cannot be seen due to weather conditions, the Hisab method should be used as an estimation to determine the start of the new month.

How does the height of the moon impact the Rukyat method?

The height of the moon determines its visibility. If the moon is less than 3 degrees above the horizon, it is difficult to observe with the naked eye, leading to a decision to consider the month as 30 days.

How does Muhammadiyah's use of Hisab determine the start of Ramadan or Eid in advance?

Muhammadiyah calculates the moon’s position using astronomical formulas and predicts the start of Ramadan or Eid in advance, such as determining the new moon's position at 0 degrees.