LATAR BELAKANG MUNCULNYA NASIONALISME INDONESIA
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script explores the emergence of nationalism in Indonesia, focusing on the Sumpah Pemuda and its significance. It delves into internal factors like the expansion of education and the rise of national leaders, as well as external influences such as global nationalist movements and new ideas. The script also discusses the role of organizations like Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama in fostering a sense of national unity. It highlights the shift from regional struggles to a unified national movement, emphasizing the importance of education and collective identity in the face of colonial rule.
Takeaways
- ๐ฎ๐ฉ The script discusses the growth of nationalism in Indonesia, highlighting the significance of the Youth Pledge and its unifying message.
- ๐ Internal factors contributing to nationalism include the expansion of education, which led to the emergence of national movement leaders.
- ๐ The ethical politics of Van Deventer criticized Dutch liberal policies and demanded educational and infrastructural improvements in Indonesia.
- ๐ซ The implementation of ethical politics resulted in the establishment of numerous schools across Indonesia, such as Muhammadiyah, NU, and Taman Siswa.
- ๐ง However, there were deviations in the execution of ethical politics, with initiatives like irrigation primarily serving Dutch plantation interests.
- ๐พ Transmigration was used to relocate people from Java to work as cheap labor on plantations, while higher education was accessible mainly to the Dutch and some officials' children.
- ๐ช The failure of regional struggles against colonialism led to a shift in the nature of the Indonesian struggle, moving from regionalism to a more unified national movement.
- ๐ The Youth Pledge on October 28, 1928, marked a significant moment in the emergence of Indonesian nationalism.
- ๐ External factors influencing nationalism included global events and the influence of foreign national movements, such as Japan's victory over Russia and figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Jose Rizal.
- ๐ The development of new ideas and the growth of ethnic and religious organizations played a role in shaping the national movement, with figures like RA Kartini and Dewi Sartika contributing to social and educational organizations.
- ๐ฑ The script concludes with a call to action for students to engage with the material and reflects on the importance of understanding the historical context of Indonesian nationalism.
Q & A
What is the significance of the Youth Pledge in Indonesian history?
-The Youth Pledge, or Sumpah Pemuda, is a significant event in Indonesian history as it marked the emergence of a unified national identity among Indonesian youth on October 28, 1928. It symbolizes the commitment to a single nation, a single language, and a single homeland, Indonesia.
What are the two factors that contributed to the rise of nationalism in Indonesia according to the script?
-The two factors contributing to the rise of nationalism in Indonesia are internal factors, such as the expansion of education and the emergence of national movement leaders, and external factors, including various events and influences from outside Indonesia.
How did the Ethical Politics of Van Deventer influence Indonesia's educational landscape?
-Van Deventer's Ethical Politics led to the establishment of many schools across Indonesia, including private schools like Muhammadiyah and Taman Siswa. However, there were some deviations in its implementation, such as irrigation for Dutch plantation interests and the use of cheap labor for plantations.
What was the impact of the failure of regional struggles in Indonesia on the national movement?
-The failure of regional struggles in Indonesia led to a realization that resistance against colonialism was ineffective due to its regionalistic nature. This contributed to a shift in the 20th century towards a more national character in the Indonesian struggle for independence.
What role did the sense of solidarity play in the development of Indonesian nationalism?
-The sense of solidarity was crucial in the development of Indonesian nationalism. It was influenced by the pressure from the Dutch government, which led to a feeling of unity among the Indonesian people, driving them to work together in the national movement.
What were the initial characteristics of organizations in Indonesia during the early stages of nationalism?
-Initially, organizations in Indonesia were characterized by regionalism and religious affiliations. They often held meetings, which led to the idea of forming a national organization to unite these groups.
Can you provide examples of ethnic organizations that were established during the early stages of Indonesian nationalism?
-Examples of ethnic organizations established during the early stages of Indonesian nationalism include Trikorodarmo and Jong Java, which were formed by students from various ethnic backgrounds in major cities.
How did the role of women like RA Kartini and Dewi Sartika contribute to social and educational organizations?
-Women like RA Kartini and Dewi Sartika played significant roles in social and educational organizations, advocating for women's rights and contributing to the development of education and social movements in Indonesia.
What are the external factors that influenced the rise of nationalism in Indonesia as mentioned in the script?
-External factors that influenced the rise of nationalism in Indonesia include the victory of Japan over Russia in 1905, the development of nationalism in other countries such as India and the Philippines, and the emergence of new ideas that taught how to improve the living conditions of the Indonesian people.
What was the significance of the new ideas that emerged during the development of Indonesian nationalism?
-The new ideas that emerged during the development of Indonesian nationalism were significant as they provided guidance on how to improve the living conditions of the Indonesian people and became driving forces behind the national movement, influencing various organizations in Indonesia.
Outlines
๐ Growth of Nationalism in Indonesia
This paragraph discusses the historical context of nationalism in Indonesia, focusing on the internal and external factors that contributed to its emergence. It highlights the importance of education and the rise of ethical politics, which led to the establishment of schools like Muhammadiyah and Taman Siswa. The paragraph also touches on the limitations of the ethical politics policy, such as the focus on irrigation for Dutch plantations and the use of cheap labor for the Dutch East Indies. Furthermore, it mentions the failure of local struggles and the shift in the nature of the Indonesian resistance from regional to national, culminating in the proclamation of the Youth Pledge on October 28, 1928. The paragraph concludes with the influence of Western pressure on Indonesia, which fostered a sense of unity among the Indonesian people and the development of national movements, including the establishment of ethnic and religious organizations like Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah.
๐ External Influences on Indonesian Nationalism
The second paragraph delves into external factors that played a role in shaping Indonesian nationalism. It mentions the victory of Japan over Russia in 1905 as a significant event that inspired nationalist movements. The paragraph also discusses the influence of international figures like Mahatma Gandhi in India and Jose Rizal in the Philippines, who opposed colonial rule. New ideas and concepts that emerged during this time are highlighted as catalysts for improving the living conditions of the Indonesian people. These ideas influenced various organizations and movements within Indonesia. The paragraph ends with an invitation for the audience to engage in a quiz related to the topic and a reminder to subscribe, like, and comment on the content for future discussions on Indonesian history.
Mindmap
Keywords
๐กNationalism
๐กSumpah Pemuda
๐กEthical Politics (Politiek Ethiek)
๐กInternal Factors
๐กExternal Factors
๐กEducation Expansion
๐กEthnic and Religious Organizations
๐กWestern Influence
๐กIndonesian Identity
๐กPergerakan Nasional
Highlights
The growth of spirit, nationalism, and the development of the 8th-grade 2nd-semester IPS material.
Background of the emergence of Indonesian nationalism.
The significance of the Youth Pledge and its recitation.
Internal factors contributing to nationalism include the expansion of education and the ethical politics of Van Deventer.
Criticism of Dutch liberal politics and demands for education, irrigation, and migration.
The establishment of numerous schools across Indonesia due to ethical politics in education.
Deviations in the implementation of ethical politics, such as irrigation for Dutch plantations and cheap labor for transmigration.
The failure of regional struggles and the realization of the need for a national approach in the 20th century.
The emergence of a sense of unity among the Indonesian people influenced by the pressure of the Dutch-Indian government.
The development of ethnic and religious organizations, such as Trikora and Jong Java, reflecting the initial ethnic and religious nature of organizations.
The role of women in social and educational organizations, exemplified by RA Kartini and Dewi Sartika.
External factors influencing nationalism include international events and the development of nationalism in other countries.
The influence of new ideas and movements, such as Mahatma Gandhi in India and Jose Rizal in the Philippines, on Indonesian nationalism.
The impact of new concepts on improving the living conditions of the Indonesian people and the subsequent influence on Indonesian movements.
The call for students to practice questions related to the material discussed.
Encouragement for students to subscribe, like, and comment for further educational content.
Transcripts
Hai
[Musik]
tumbuh dan berkembangnya semangat
kebangsaan
materi IPS SMP kelas 8 semester 2
sub pokok bahasan latar belakang
munculnya nasionalisme di Indonesia
[Musik]
anak-anak Apakah kalian masih mengingat
bunyi Sumpah Pemuda
Mari kita simak bunyi Sumpah Pemuda
berikut ini
sumpah pemuda
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia mengaku
bertumpah darah yang satu tanah air
Indonesia Kami putra dan putri Indonesia
mengaku berbangsa yang satu bangsa
Indonesia bertanah
Hai
kami putra dan putri Indonesia
menjunjung bahasa persatuan bahasa
Indonesia
[Musik]
[Tepuk tangan]
dengan
latar belakang munculnya nasionalisme di
Indonesia dibagi menjadi dua faktor
yaitu faktor internal atau faktor dari
dalam dan faktor eksternal atau Faktor
dari luar
[Musik]
faktor internal terdiri atas yang
pertama perluasan pendidikan dengan
adanya politik etis dampak paling
dirasakan adalah semakin banyak orang
Indonesia berpendidikan mod yang
kemudian melahirkan tokoh pemimpin
pergerakan nasional Indonesia
[Musik]
latar belakang lahirnya politik etis Van
Deventer mengkritik politik liberal
Belanda pada tahun
1899 dan menuntut agar Belanda melakukan
balas budi dengan melaksanakan edukasi
irigasi dan emigrasi
akibat politik etis di bidang pendidikan
menyebabkan berdirinya banyak sekolah di
setiap daerah di Indonesia seperti
sekolah swasta
diantaranya yaitu Muhammadiyah NU dan
Taman Siswa
[Musik]
akan tetapi pada kenyataannya terdapat
beberapa penyimpangan dalam pelaksanaan
politik etis diantaranya irigasi untuk
kepentingan perkebunan Belanda saja
emigrasi atau transmigrasi digunakan
untuk mengirim orang-orang Hai keluar
pulau jawa untuk dijadikan buruh
perkebunan dengan Upah Murah sedangkan
dibidang pendidikan hanya orang Belanda
dan sebagian anak pejabat saja yang bisa
bersekolah tinggi
yang kedua kegagalan perjuangan di
berbagai daerah bangsa Indonesia
menyadari kegagalan melawan penjajah
karena perjuangan bersifat kedaerahan
memasuki abad ke-20 corak perjuangan
bangsa berubah dari kedaerahan menuju
yang bersifat nasional bangsa Indonesia
menemukan identitas kebangsaan sebagai
perekat perjuangan bersama momentum
kebangsaan atau nasionalisme
ditandai dengan diikrarkannya Sumpah
Pemuda 28 okt
1928 yang ketiga adalah perasaan senasib
sepenanggungan perluasan kekuasaan barat
di Indonesia mempengaruhi perubahan
politik ekonomi dan sosial bangsa
Indonesia
tekanan pemerintah hindia-belanda pada
bangsa Indonesia telah memunculkan
perasaan kebersamaan rakyat Indonesia
yang mendorong tekad bersama menghimpun
kebersamaan dalam pergerakan kebangsaan
yang keempat perkembangan organisasi
etnis kedaerahan dan keagamaan pada
awalnya organisasi di Indonesia bersifat
kedaerahan dan keagamaan berbagai
organisasi tersebut sering melakukan
pertemuan sehingga muncul ide untuk
mengikatkan diri dalam organisasi
nasional
organisasi etnis banyak didirikan para
pelajar perantau di kota besar yang
membentuk perkumpulan Berdasarkan latar
belakang etnis contohnya adalah
trikorodarmo dan Jong Java beberapa
organisasi keagamaan juga muncul
diantaranya Nahdlatul Ulama dan
Muhammadiyah RA Kartini dan Dewi Sartika
mencontoh kaum wanita yang berperan
dalam organisasi sosial maupun
pendidikan
[Musik]
Adapun faktor eksternal yang berperan
diantaranya yaitu berbagai peristiwa dan
pengaruh luar negeri misalnya
kemenangan Jepang atas Rusia pada tahun
1956 kedua adalah berkembangnya
Nasionalisme di berbagai negara
diantaranya yaitu Mahatma Gandhi di
India dan juga joserizal di Filipina
yang menentang penjajahan Spanyol
faktor eksternal yang kedua adalah
berkembangnya berbagai paham baru yang
menjadi pendorong munculnya pergerakan
nasional
paham baru tersebut mengajarkan
bagaimana langkah-langkah memperbaiki
Kondisi kehidupan bangsa Indonesia
selanjutnya Va tersebut mempengaruhi
berbagai organisasi pergerakan di
Indonesia Nah anak-anak setelah
mendengarkan penjelasan tadi sekarang
silahkan kalian kerjakan latihan soal
berikut ini ya
[Musik]
[Musik]
Nah anak-anak demikian tadi penjelasan
dari ibu semoga bermanfaat ya Sampai
bertemu lagi pada pembahasan materi IPS
selanjutnya jangan lupa subscribe like
dan comment ya
wassalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh
[Musik]
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