HISTÓRIA DO IMPÉRIO DO BRASIL | Globalizando Conhecimento

Summary

The video traces the history of the Empire of Brazil from its foundation in 1822, when Dom Pedro I declared independence, to its collapse in 1889. Key events include the regency period following Dom Pedro I's abdication, the economic growth and modernization under Dom Pedro II, the abolition of slavery in 1888, and the subsequent rise of republican ideals. Despite its prosperity, internal tensions, revolts, and growing support for a republic led to the military coup of 1889, ending the monarchy and establishing the Brazilian Republic. The Empire's story is marked by political strife, war, and profound social change.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Empire of Brazil lasted 67 years, from 1822 (when Dom Pedro I declared independence) until 1889 (when the Republic was proclaimed).
• 😀 The independence of Brazil was declared by Dom Pedro I on September 7, 1822, after the Portuguese government tried to regain control over the country.
• 😀 Brazil was initially a kingdom, known as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves, after Dom João VI declared it in 1815.
• 😀 Dom Pedro I became the first emperor of Brazil after rejecting calls to return to Portugal, solidifying Brazil's independence.
• 😀 The initial years of Brazil's independence were marked by internal conflict, including the Confederação do Equador in 1824, demanding federalism.
• 😀 Dom Pedro I abdicated the throne in 1831 in favor of his son, Dom Pedro II, who was only five years old, leading to the Regency period.
• 😀 During the Regency period, Brazil faced several regional rebellions, such as the Cabanagem, Sabinada, and the Revolução Farroupilha.
• 😀 In 1840, Dom Pedro II was declared of age at 14, marking the beginning of the Second Reign, a period of relative stability and modernization in Brazil.
• 😀 Dom Pedro II's reign saw the abolition of slavery in 1888 with the signing of the Lei Áurea by Princess Isabel.
• 😀 The Republic was established in 1889 after a military coup led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, overthrowing the monarchy and ending the Empire of Brazil.
• 😀 Despite the end of the monarchy, Dom Pedro II's reign is often viewed as a prosperous time for Brazil, marked by economic growth, modernization, and international recognition.

Q & A

What year did Brazil declare its independence and who was the first emperor?

Brazil declared its independence on September 7, 1822, and Dom Pedro I became the first emperor of Brazil.

How did the family of the Portuguese royal court end up in Brazil?

In 1808, during the Napoleonic Wars, the Portuguese royal family moved to Brazil to preserve Portugal's independence from Napoleon's forces. They established their court in Rio de Janeiro.

What was the significance of Dom Pedro I's decision on January 9, 1822?

On January 9, 1822, Dom Pedro I refused to return to Portugal, declaring 'Dia do Fico' ('Day of the Fick'), which solidified his commitment to Brazil's independence and led to his eventual proclamation of independence in September of that year.

What was the Confederação do Equador, and what was its outcome?

The Confederação do Equador was a federalist rebellion that occurred in 1824 in the province of Pernambuco. The movement aimed to grant more autonomy to Brazilian provinces. It was brutally suppressed, leading to executions of its leaders and territorial losses for Pernambuco.

What happened to Dom Pedro I after he abdicated the Brazilian throne?

After abdicating in favor of his son Dom Pedro II, Dom Pedro I returned to Portugal to fight for his daughter Maria II’s throne, as it was usurped by his brother Miguel.

What is the period known as the Regencial Period?

The Regencial Period (1831-1840) occurred after Dom Pedro I abdicated the throne, leaving his young son, Dom Pedro II, as a minor. During this time, the country was governed by regents due to Dom Pedro II’s inability to rule until he turned 18.

What were some of the key rebellions during the Regencial Period?

Several rebellions took place during the Regencial Period, including the Cabanagem in Grão-Pará, the Sabinada in Bahia, the Balaiada in Maranhão, and the Guerra dos Farrapos (Farroupilha War) in Rio Grande do Sul.

What marked the end of the Guerra dos Farrapos?

The Guerra dos Farrapos ended in 1845 with the signing of the Treaty of Poncho Verde, which dissolved the República Rio-Grandense and brought an end to the separatist movement in the region.

How did Dom Pedro II contribute to the stabilization of Brazil?

Dom Pedro II assumed the throne in 1840 at the age of 14, and his reign brought political stability. Under his leadership, Brazil experienced a period of economic growth and modern infrastructure development, such as railroads and telegraph lines.

What led to the downfall of the Brazilian Empire in 1889?

The downfall of the Brazilian Empire was due to growing republican sentiments, especially among military officers, and dissatisfaction with the monarchy. In 1889, a military coup led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca overthrew the monarchy, proclaiming the establishment of the Brazilian Republic.