As escolas de psicanálise | Christian Dunker | Falando nIsso 109

Summary

This video explores the history of psychoanalysis, tracing its origins with Freud in Vienna and its expansion across the world through influential figures and schools in Berlin, Budapest, Zurich, London, and the U.S. Key contributors like Carl Abraham, Melanie Klein, and Lacan are highlighted, showcasing their diverse theoretical developments. The video also touches on the evolution of psychoanalysis in France, particularly with Lacan's influence. The final note reflects on how contemporary psychoanalysis has become less hierarchical and more fluid, with greater integration across different schools of thought.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of psychoanalysis began with Freud in Vienna around 1900, marking the foundation of the discipline.
• 😀 Freud initially formed a small group of disciples, known as the Wednesday Meeting, which later became the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.
• 😀 Psychoanalysis spread globally, with significant contributions from various countries like Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, and England.
• 😀 Carl Abraham from Berlin introduced psychodynamic concepts, focusing on fixation during developmental stages and founded the first psychoanalyst training institute, the Berlin Polyclinic, in 1920.
• 😀 Ferenczi from Budapest focused on the relationship of transference and rethinking the effectiveness of psychoanalytic treatments.
• 😀 The Zurich school, led by Eugen Bleuler and his disciple Carl Jung, introduced important concepts in psychiatry, such as schizophrenia, and brought psychoanalysis into the psychiatric and psychopathological discourse.
• 😀 The London school, with figures like Ernest Jones and Fairbanks, was pivotal after World War II, largely due to the influx of psychoanalysts to the UK and the US.
• 😀 Anna Freud led the psychoanalytic school in England, emphasizing the importance of education and childhood analysis, particularly focusing on defense mechanisms against anxiety.
• 😀 Melanie Klein, influenced by the Berlin school, introduced theories on object relations and played a key role in developing play therapy.
• 😀 The Independent or Middle Group in England, led by figures like Wilfred Bion, attempted to bridge different psychoanalytic traditions, focusing on the theory of subjectivity and symbolization.
• 😀 Psychoanalysis in France took a delayed route but gained prominence with Jacques Lacan, who critiqued existing schools and introduced new theories of language, dialectics, and subjectivity from the 1970s onward.
• 😀 Elizabeth Rudinesco argued that we are moving away from the era of rigid psychoanalytic schools towards more flexible, fluid forms of training and understanding in psychoanalysis.

Q & A

What is the origin of psychoanalysis according to the video?

Psychoanalysis originated with Sigmund Freud in Vienna around 1900, where he gathered a small group of disciples initially known as the 'Wednesday meetings' and later the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.

How did psychoanalysis spread to other countries?

Psychoanalysis spread through the work of Freud's disciples who traveled to different countries. Key figures such as Carl Abraham in Berlin, Ferenczi in Budapest, and Jung in Zurich helped disseminate psychoanalysis to various parts of Europe and beyond.

Who was Carl Abraham, and what was his contribution to psychoanalysis?

Carl Abraham was a psychoanalyst from Berlin who introduced a psychodynamic understanding of psychopathology, focusing on fixation during developmental stages. He also founded the first institute for psychoanalyst training, the Berlin Polyclinic, in 1920.

What role did Ferenczi play in the development of psychoanalysis?

Ferenczi, a psychoanalyst from Budapest, contributed to the reformulation of psychoanalytic treatments, particularly focusing on the concept of transference and the efficacy of psychoanalytic treatments in mental health.

How did the Zurich school contribute to psychoanalysis?

The Zurich school, represented by figures like Eugen Bleuler and Carl Jung, introduced key concepts like schizophrenia and expanded psychoanalysis into the field of psychiatry, focusing on phenomenology and psychodynamics.

What is the significance of the London school in psychoanalysis?

The London school, led by figures such as Ernest Jones and Fairbairn, became an influential force in psychoanalysis, especially after World War II. This school, along with the immigration of psychoanalysts to the U.S. and U.K., played a pivotal role in expanding psychoanalysis globally.

How did Anna Freud contribute to the development of psychoanalysis in the U.S. and U.K.?

Anna Freud emphasized the role of education in psychoanalysis and focused on working with children. She also highlighted the importance of defense mechanisms against anxiety and became a key figure in psychoanalysis, particularly in the U.S. and U.K.

What is Melanie Klein’s contribution to psychoanalysis?

Melanie Klein, from the Berlin school, introduced the theory of object relations, which focused on the role of early relationships in shaping the psyche. She also developed play therapy as a means of psychoanalytic treatment for children.

What is the Middle Group, and how did it influence psychoanalysis?

The Middle Group, led by figures like Wilfred Bion, sought to bridge the approaches of the Anna Freud and Melanie Klein schools. It focused on reconciling various theoretical perspectives and developed new ideas regarding the treatment and theory of the psyche.

How did Jacques Lacan transform psychoanalysis?

Jacques Lacan introduced a radical approach to psychoanalysis by focusing on language, dialectics, and the reconstruction of the theory of the subject. His influence, particularly after the 1970s, led to a shift in how psychoanalysis was understood and practiced, especially in France.

What is the current state of psychoanalytic schools according to the video?

According to the video, psychoanalytic schools are becoming less rigid, and the distinctions between them are being relativized. The training and understanding of psychoanalysis are now more flexible, with less focus on vertical authority structures and more emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches.