Sejarah Kesultanan Gowa-Tallo | Salah Satu Kerajaan Islam Di Makassar

Summary

The video script explores the history of the Sultanate of Goa, focusing on its rise to prominence in the 16th and 17th centuries as a powerful maritime kingdom in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Established around 1320, Goa reached its peak under the leadership of Sultan Hasanuddin, expanding its influence across the eastern Nusantara. The script covers the kingdom's military conquests, economic prosperity, and cultural integration, alongside the significant role of Islam. Eventually, Goa faced defeat in 1669 by the VOC (Dutch East India Company), leading to its colonization. It concludes with the kingdom’s transformation into a district within the Republic of Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kingdom of Goa, also known as Makassar, was a prominent maritime empire located in the southwestern part of Sulawesi.
• 😀 Founded in the early 14th century (around 1320), the Kingdom of Goa reached its peak military and economic power by the 16th century.
• 😀 The kingdom expanded its influence over much of eastern Nusantara, including parts of Sulawesi, Maluku, Kalimantan, and Nusa Tenggara.
• 😀 In 1607, Goa adopted Islam as its official religion, marking a significant cultural transformation in governance and society.
• 😀 The kingdom faced its downfall after the Makassar War in 1669, losing territory and becoming weakened under Dutch colonial control.
• 😀 The genealogy of the rulers of Goa traces back to a marriage between Tumanurung, an unknown origin figure, and Karaengbayo, a local noble.
• 😀 By the late 16th century, Goa had developed a sophisticated bureaucracy and a strong military presence under rulers like Sombaya Tumaparisi Kalona and Kara Tunipalangga.
• 😀 The Kingdom of Goa was recognized as a central trading hub in the East Indies, especially after the fall of Malacca in 1511.
• 😀 Cultural and social norms in Goa were heavily influenced by Islamic traditions, with a clear social hierarchy consisting of nobles (Karaeng), commoners (Tumaradeka), and lower classes (Ata).
• 😀 Goa's legacy includes its renowned shipbuilding tradition, particularly the creation of the Pinisi and Lombo ships, which were widely known in the maritime world.
• 😀 The kingdom’s eventual incorporation into the Dutch East Indies by the early 20th century marked the end of its sovereignty, with the last ruler transitioning to become a local colonial administrator.

Q & A

What was the origin of the Kingdom of Goa?

The Kingdom of Goa, also known as Goa Talo or the Makassar Sultanate, was founded around 1320, starting from a chiefdom in Sulawesi, specifically in the southwest coastal region inhabited by the Makassar people.

What factors contributed to the rise of the Kingdom of Goa in the 16th century?

The rise of the Kingdom of Goa in the 16th century was due to a combination of military hegemony, trade dominance, and territorial expansion, which included parts of Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, eastern Borneo, and northern regions of the archipelago.

How did the Kingdom of Goa transform after adopting Islam in 1607?

After adopting Islam in 1607, the Kingdom of Goa underwent significant cultural and social changes, which also led to innovations in governance, economy, and military strategies. Islam became the official religion, shaping the kingdom's identity.

What was the significance of the Battle of Makassar in 1669?

The Battle of Makassar in 1669 marked a crucial defeat for the Kingdom of Goa, leading to the loss of its territories outside Sulawesi. This event also weakened Goa's military and economic power, and it eventually fell under Dutch control.

What is the genealogical origin of the rulers of Goa according to the Lontara Paturioloang?

According to the Lontara Paturioloang, the rulers of the Kingdom of Goa descended from a union between Tumanurung, an enigmatic figure whose origins are unclear, and a local noblewoman, Karaengbayo, whose marriage signified the establishment of the Goa kingdom.

How did the Kingdom of Goa maintain its influence over neighboring regions in the 16th century?

The Kingdom of Goa maintained its influence by conquering surrounding territories, including parts of Makassar, Talo, and other neighboring regions, and establishing military and trade dominance throughout the region.

What role did the VOC (Dutch East India Company) play in the decline of the Kingdom of Goa?

The VOC played a pivotal role in the decline of the Kingdom of Goa, particularly in the 17th century. The VOC engaged in military confrontations, leading to the weakening of Goa's defenses, culminating in the fall of its strongest fort, Somba Opu, in 1669.

How did the administrative system of the Kingdom of Goa evolve over time?

The administrative system of Goa evolved through a series of reforms by various rulers, including the establishment of specialized government positions like Tumai Lalang, Tumak Kajanang, and Sabanara. These positions helped manage different aspects of governance, trade, and military affairs.

What was the significance of the Pinisi and Lombo ships in the Kingdom of Goa?

The Pinisi and Lombo ships were significant cultural and technological achievements of the Kingdom of Goa, renowned for their craftsmanship. These ships were integral to Goa's maritime identity, facilitating trade and naval dominance in Southeast Asia.

How did the societal hierarchy in the Kingdom of Goa function?

The societal hierarchy in the Kingdom of Goa was structured with distinct classes: the upper class, including nobles and royal family members, were known as Anak Karung or Karaeng, while commoners were called Tumaradeka, and the lowest class was Ata. These social classes were tied to local customs and Islamic principles.