Kesultanan Gowa Tallo | Fullversion| Kesultanan Nusantara

Summary

The Gowa Tallo Sultanate, a significant maritime kingdom in South Sulawesi, played a pivotal role in the history of the region from the 14th to the 17th century. Initially a powerful state known for its expansion and influence, it became a hub for international trade, especially in spices. Islam was adopted as the state religion under Sultan Alauddin in the early 17th century, leading to its spread across neighboring regions. Despite conflict with European powers like the Portuguese and VOC, Gowa Tallo fiercely resisted foreign domination. The sultanate’s eventual defeat in 1667 marked the end of its sovereignty, though its legacy remains influential in the history of Sulawesi.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Gowa-Tallo Sultanate was one of the most significant kingdoms in the Nusantara region, located in present-day South Sulawesi.
• 😀 The Somba Opu fort, a historic structure from Gowa-Tallo, still stands in Makassar as a testament to the kingdom's past.
• 😀 Gowa was established in the 14th century, and in the same period, nine villages came together to form a united government known as 'Bate Salapang'.
• 😀 The Gowa-Tallo Sultanate was initially two separate kingdoms, Gowa and Tallo, which merged under a peace agreement and governance structure where Gowa descendants became kings, and Tallo descendants held the role of prime ministers.
• 😀 The Gowa-Tallo Sultanate became a maritime power, engaging in international trade from the 14th to 15th centuries, especially in spices.
• 😀 The influence of Islam spread significantly in Gowa-Tallo during the 17th century, with Sultan Alauddin adopting Islam as the state religion in 1607 and promoting its spread across the region.
• 😀 Sultan Alauddin supported the spread of Islam beyond Gowa-Tallo, sending emissaries to neighboring kingdoms and spreading the faith in Sulawesi, Bima, and beyond.
• 😀 The Sultanate of Gowa-Tallo played a key role in resisting European colonial powers, particularly the Portuguese and VOC, especially in the 17th century.
• 😀 Sultan Alauddin's reign saw significant economic growth with increased trade and naval activity, and he offered support to regions like Maluku against the Dutch.
• 😀 The Sultanate of Gowa-Tallo faced military conflicts with the Dutch VOC, culminating in the Bongaya Agreement in 1667, which marked a loss of Gowa-Tallo's sovereignty but set the stage for continued resistance.
• 😀 Despite the Bongaya Agreement, Gowa-Tallo, led by Sultan Hasanuddin, continued to challenge VOC dominance until his eventual downfall in 1669, marking the end of Gowa-Tallo's independence as a free nation.

Q & A

What was the Kingdom of Gowa Tallo, and where was it located?

The Kingdom of Gowa Tallo was one of the prominent kingdoms in the archipelago, located in what is now the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was known for its maritime influence and played a key role in regional trade and politics.

What is the historical significance of the Somba Opu Fortress?

Somba Opu Fortress is a significant historical landmark built by the Kingdom of Gowa Tallo. It still stands in the city of Makassar and is a symbol of the kingdom's military and cultural legacy.

How did the Kingdom of Gowa Tallo expand its influence during its reign?

The Kingdom of Gowa Tallo expanded its influence through both military conquests and political alliances. It grew its territory by controlling regions such as Bulukumba, Selayar, and Mandalle, and later expanded into Wajo, Soppeng, and other areas.

What role did Islam play in the history of Gowa Tallo?

Islam played a transformative role in Gowa Tallo, particularly during the reign of Sultan Alauddin. Islam became the state religion, and the kingdom actively spread the faith both within its borders and to other regions, such as Bima and beyond.

Who were some key figures in the spread of Islam in Gowa Tallo?

Key figures in the spread of Islam in Gowa Tallo include Sultan Alauddin, who supported Islamic missions, and several Minangkabau ulema (religious scholars), such as Hatib Sulung, Hatib Bungsu, and Khathib Tunggal, who helped propagate Islam in the kingdom.

What was the relationship between Gowa Tallo and the Dutch East India Company (VOC)?

The relationship between Gowa Tallo and the VOC was contentious. Sultan Alauddin initially resisted the VOC's requests for monopoly trade rights, and later, Gowa Tallo engaged in military conflicts with the VOC. Despite these struggles, the VOC eventually imposed the Bongaya Treaty, which curtailed Gowa Tallo's sovereignty.

What was the significance of the Bongaya Treaty in Gowa Tallo's history?

The Bongaya Treaty, signed in 1667, marked the end of Gowa Tallo's independence as it ceded control over strategic coastal forts and granted the VOC monopoly over trade. This treaty effectively limited Gowa Tallo's maritime power.

How did Sultan Hasanuddin respond to the challenges posed by the VOC?

Sultan Hasanuddin, known for his resistance against the VOC, strengthened his military forces to protect Gowa Tallo. He led his troops in several battles against the VOC and even managed to inflict damage on their fleet, earning him the title 'The Rooster of the East'.

How did the war between Gowa Tallo and the Bugis affect the Kingdom?

The war between Gowa Tallo and the Bugis, including the involvement of Arung Palakka, weakened Gowa Tallo significantly. Arung Palakka's alliance with the VOC led to internal strife, ultimately causing a shift in power that made Gowa Tallo more vulnerable to external pressures.

What was the role of Sultan Hasanuddin’s death in the fate of Gowa Tallo?

Sultan Hasanuddin's death in 1670 marked the end of his vigorous resistance against colonial powers. His passing, followed by political instability and the weakening of the kingdom, led to Gowa Tallo's final submission to the VOC and the imposition of the Bongaya Treaty.