Ensiklopedia Indonesia | Kepahlawanan Si Ayam Jantan dari Timur Sultan Hasanuddin

Summary

The video script provides a detailed history of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, a prominent maritime kingdom in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It covers the strategic location, economic activities, and political alliances that shaped the Sultanate's development. The script highlights the leadership of Sultan Alauddin and Sultan Hasanuddin, who resisted Dutch colonial forces in the 17th century. Despite eventual defeat, Sultan Hasanuddin is celebrated as a national hero for his bravery. The video also discusses the lasting cultural and historical influence of the Sultanate, including its architectural and literary legacies.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, also known as the Makassar Sultanate, was located in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
• ⚔️ In 1528, the Gowa and Tallo Sultanates formed an alliance, creating the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, which became a powerful maritime kingdom.
• 🌊 The Sultanate was strategically positioned with a strong harbor, advanced maritime economy, and skilled sailors, making Makassar an international trading hub.
• 🏺 The Sultanate traded various goods such as rice, meat, and camphor, and imported items like clothing and ceramics from China.
• 📚 The legal system in Makassar included maritime trade laws, contributing to the region's economic growth and international trade relations.
• 🌍 The spread of Islam in Makassar was significantly influenced by a West Sumatran cleric, Dato Ribandang, leading to the conversion of King Gowa Daeng Manrabia to Islam, who was later known as Sultan Alauddin.
• 🛡️ Sultan Alauddin and his successors, particularly Sultan Muhammad Said and Sultan Hasanuddin, resisted Dutch (VOC) attempts to monopolize the spice trade in the region.
• 🐓 Sultan Hasanuddin, known as the 'Rooster of the East,' fiercely defended Makassar against Dutch colonial forces, leading to the famous Makassar War, which was one of the largest conflicts faced by the VOC in the 17th century.
• 🏛️ The fall of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate occurred after the signing of the Bongaya Treaty in 1667, which gave the Dutch significant control over the region, including the construction of Fort Rotterdam.
• 🏅 Sultan Hasanuddin remains a national hero in Indonesia, honored for his resistance against colonialism, with his name commemorated in several institutions, including Hasanuddin University and Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport.

Q & A

What was the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, and where was it located?

The Gowa-Tallo Sultanate, often referred to simply as the Makassar Sultanate, was a maritime kingdom located in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was formed through a union between the Gowa and Tallo kingdoms in 1528.

What was the primary economic activity of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate?

The primary economic activity of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate was maritime trade. Its strategic location and advanced ports allowed it to become a major hub for international trade, attracting merchants from Europe and Asia.

How did the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate's location contribute to its success?

The Sultanate's strategic location on the coast of Makassar allowed it to control key maritime trade routes, making it a crucial port for international traders, including the Portuguese and the English. Its well-developed ports and skilled sailors also bolstered its defense and trade capabilities.

What evidence suggests that the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate had trade relations with China?

The presence of ceramics from the Sung and Ming dynasties in the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate is evidence that the kingdom had established trade relations with China.

Who was Sultan Alauddin, and what was his significance in the history of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate?

Sultan Alauddin was a ruler of the Gowa Sultanate who embraced Islam in 1605. His reign marked the beginning of the spread of Islam in the region, and he played a significant role in resisting Dutch colonial forces.

What was the significance of the Bongaya Treaty?

The Bongaya Treaty, signed in 1667, marked the defeat of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate by the Dutch VOC. It granted the VOC monopoly rights over trade in Makassar, forced Makassar to release the Bone region, and allowed the Dutch to build Fort Rotterdam in the heart of the Sultanate.

How did Sultan Hasanuddin earn the title 'Rooster of the East'?

Sultan Hasanuddin earned the title 'Rooster of the East' due to his fierce resistance against Dutch colonial forces. He led the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate during the Makassar War, which was one of the largest conflicts the VOC faced in the 17th century.

What were the consequences of the Dutch VOC's victory over the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate?

The Dutch VOC's victory led to the signing of the Bongaya Treaty, the fall of the Sultanate's strongholds, and the eventual decline of the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate as a maritime power. The Dutch gained significant control over trade in the region.

What role did the Islamic scholar Dato Ribandang play in the Gowa-Tallo Sultanate?

Dato Ribandang was an Islamic scholar from West Sumatra who played a key role in spreading Islam in Makassar. His influence led to the conversion of the Gowa Sultanate's rulers to Islam, starting with Sultan Alauddin.

How is Sultan Hasanuddin's legacy preserved in modern Indonesia?

Sultan Hasanuddin's legacy is preserved through various institutions and landmarks named after him, including Hasanuddin University, Kodam 14 Hasanuddin (a military command), and Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar.