Instrumen Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Beserta Contohnya

Summary

This video explains the importance of research instruments in academic writing, such as theses and dissertations. It covers various tools like questionnaires, interviews, observations, documentation, and tests, each serving different research needs. The video also outlines the steps in creating research instruments, including defining variables, formulating questions, and providing clear instructions for use. Understanding and effectively using these instruments is crucial for researchers to gather relevant data and produce quality academic work.

Takeaways

• 😀 Research instruments are essential tools for collecting data in academic research such as theses, dissertations, and other studies.
• 😀 A research instrument helps researchers gather data systematically and is crucial for the writing of scientific papers.
• 😀 Common types of research instruments include surveys (questionnaires), interviews, observations, documentation, and tests.
• 😀 Surveys (questionnaires) are primarily used in quantitative research and include both closed and open-ended questions.
• 😀 Interviews are important in qualitative research and can be structured or unstructured, depending on the approach.
• 😀 Observations can be either participatory (researcher engages with subjects) or non-participatory (researcher observes from a distance).
• 😀 Documentation is another vital instrument, including official documents (e.g., certificates) and unofficial documents (e.g., personal letters).
• 😀 Tests are used to measure specific attributes such as intelligence, personality, or skills and are commonly used in educational or psychological research.
• 😀 When creating a research instrument, defining research variables is crucial to ensure accurate data collection.
• 😀 It is important to break down research variables into smaller sub-dimensions and develop clear indicators for each to guide question creation.
• 😀 A well-designed research instrument includes clear instructions for respondents, and pilot testing is essential before finalizing the instrument.

Q & A

What is the purpose of research instruments in academic writing?

Research instruments serve as tools for researchers to collect data during a study. They help in gathering the necessary information for writing academic works like theses, dissertations, and other research papers.

What does Sukmadinata (2010) define as a research instrument?

According to Sukmadinata (2010), a research instrument is a tool that helps researchers collect data. It is typically in the form of a test, containing a set of questions or statements that guide the research process based on the study's objectives.

What are the different types of research instruments mentioned in the transcript?

The transcript mentions several types of research instruments: questionnaires, interviews, observations, documentation, and tests.

How is a questionnaire used in research?

A questionnaire is commonly used in quantitative research. It contains pre-defined questions with both closed and open-ended responses, making it an efficient way to gather data from a large group of respondents.

What is the difference between a participatory and non-participatory observation?

In participatory observation, the researcher becomes directly involved in the research setting, interacting with the subjects. In non-participatory observation, the researcher observes the subjects from a distance without direct involvement.

Why are documents important in research?

Documents provide essential data for research. Official documents can offer authentic and reliable information, while unofficial documents can support data collection and offer additional context for the research.

What is the distinction between primary and secondary documents?

Primary documents come directly from the research subject or informant, while secondary documents are additional materials that support the research, often obtained from external sources or records.

How are tests used in research?

Tests are used to measure specific attributes like personality, intelligence, or skills. In research, they help assess variables that are critical to the study, such as a participant’s aptitude or mental capabilities.

What are the steps in preparing a research instrument?

Steps in preparing a research instrument include defining the research variables, providing an explanation of the variables and their sub-dimensions, identifying indicators, drafting questions, and providing clear instructions for participants on how to complete the instrument.

What are some challenges researchers may face when using observation as a research instrument?

Challenges with observation include potential bias as the presence of the researcher may influence the behavior of those being studied. Additionally, participants may feel they are being watched, which could alter their actions or responses.