Jenis-jenis Skala Psikologi

Summary

This video discusses two types of scales commonly used in psychological research: the Thurstone scale and the Likert scale. The Thurstone scale involves placing statements on a psychological continuum to assess their favorability, with judgments made by a group of evaluators. The Likert scale, on the other hand, uses a range of responses to measure agreement or disagreement with statements. The video elaborates on the creation, scoring, and statistical properties of both scales, emphasizing their use in determining attitudes or opinions and their differences in complexity, application, and measurement type.

Takeaways

• 😀 Thurstone Scale and Likert Scale are the main focus of the discussion in the video. Thurstone is often used for psychological research and attitude measurement, while Likert is a more commonly used scale in survey research.
• 😀 Thurstone Scale relies on a continuum of favorable and unfavorable statements, and items are rated by a judging group, often composed of around 20 people.
• 😀 The process of constructing a Thurstone Scale involves creating a large number of items (100-300), which are then categorized based on their favorability by a judging group.
• 😀 Items on the Thurstone Scale are rated on a scale of 1 to 11, where the midpoint (6) divides favorable and unfavorable items. The item placement helps in determining its favorability.
• 😀 Once ratings are collected, a table is created to summarize the frequency, proportion, and cumulative proportion of each item’s placement along the continuum.
• 😀 The scale is analyzed using statistical measures like median and cumulative proportions to assess whether an item is favorable or unfavorable.
• 😀 After calculating the score for each item, the best items are selected based on their suitability and ability to differentiate between favorable and unfavorable responses.
• 😀 Likert Scale, in contrast, is simpler and more flexible, with responses typically ranging from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree' or other similar ranges.
• 😀 In Likert Scale, the respondent provides their own judgment, and there is no need for a judging group to assess the favorability of items beforehand.
• 😀 Likert Scale responses are usually scored with higher weights given to more favorable responses, and statistical measures like standard deviation are used to analyze the responses.
• 😀 The major difference between Thurstone and Likert scales lies in the format of the responses (binary for Thurstone vs. range-based for Likert) and the level of complexity in item construction and scoring.
• 😀 Thurstone Scale is used when precise attitude measurement is required, while Likert Scale is ideal for measuring the intensity of personal opinions on psychological attributes.

Q & A

What are the two types of scales introduced in the presentation?

The two types of scales introduced are the Thurstone scale and the Likert scale. The Thurstone scale is often used in psychology research, while the Likert scale is more commonly used in various other types of research.

What is the primary purpose of using a Thurstone scale?

The primary purpose of the Thurstone scale is to measure the degree of favorability or unfavorability of certain statements about psychological attributes. It uses a continuum of values to categorize statements as favorable or unfavorable based on expert judgment.

What is a 'judging group' in the context of the Thurstone scale?

A 'judging group' is a panel of experts, usually around 20 people, who are tasked with evaluating statements on a scale from favorable to unfavorable. They place each item on a continuum ranging from 1 to 11 or other odd-numbered ranges.

How is the frequency of each statement in the Thurstone scale measured?

The frequency is measured by how many members of the judging group place a particular statement at each point on the continuum. This frequency is then used to calculate the proportion of responses and the cumulative proportion for each item.

What is the role of the cumulative proportion (PK) in the Thurstone scale?

The cumulative proportion (PK) helps in determining the position of a statement on the continuum by summing the proportions of all previous categories, allowing for a more accurate classification of the statement as favorable or unfavorable.

What formula is used to calculate the S value in the Thurstone scale, and what does it indicate?

The S value is calculated using the formula that incorporates the cumulative proportion (PK) of the median category, helping to determine whether the statement is favorable or unfavorable. A higher S value indicates a more favorable rating.

How does the Likert scale differ from the Thurstone scale in terms of response format?

Unlike the Thurstone scale, which relies on a judging group to assess the favorability of statements, the Likert scale asks respondents to rate their level of agreement or disagreement with each statement, typically on a scale ranging from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree.'

What is the primary characteristic of the Likert scale's response format?

The Likert scale's response format is based on individual responses to each statement, allowing respondents to indicate their degree of agreement or disagreement on a multi-point scale, often ranging from 1 to 5 or 1 to 7.

What is the assumption underlying the Likert scale regarding the statements used?

The assumption underlying the Likert scale is that each statement can be categorized as either favorable or unfavorable, and respondents' agreement or disagreement reflects their stance on the psychological attribute being measured.

How does the scoring differ between favorable and unfavorable items in the Likert scale?

In the Likert scale, favorable items are assigned higher scores as respondents agree more with the statement, while unfavorable items receive lower scores when respondents agree with them, with the scoring designed to reflect the intensity of agreement or disagreement.