PPKN Kelas XI : Sistem Hukum dan Peradilan Internasional

Summary

This educational video discusses the concept of international law and its role in maintaining peaceful relations between nations. It covers key aspects such as the importance of legal frameworks in global interactions, the structure of international legal systems, and the distinctions between civil and public international law. The video highlights essential principles like territoriality, national interest, and reciprocity, while also exploring sources of international law and the various subjects involved, including states, international organizations, and individuals. Additionally, the video explains the functions of the International Court of Justice in resolving disputes among nations.

Takeaways

• 😀 International law is essential for smooth interactions between nations, providing rules and guidelines for both individual and group actions.
• 😀 International law is a system of rules designed to govern relationships between nations and other international legal subjects.
• 😀 According to Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, international law consists of norms and principles regulating relationships across national boundaries, including between countries and other legal entities.
• 😀 International law is divided into two main categories: private international law (dealing with relations between individuals or entities from different countries) and public international law (regulating state-to-state relations).
• 😀 Key principles of international law include territoriality, nationality, public interest, pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be upheld), equality, reciprocity, courtesy, and rebus sic stantibus (a principle for significant changes in circumstances).
• 😀 Sources of international law include international treaties, customs, general principles of law, judicial decisions, scholarly works, and decisions from international organizations.
• 😀 Treaties are a primary source of international law, governed by conventions such as the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
• 😀 International customs, based on widespread practices accepted as legally binding, also play a crucial role in international law.
• 😀 The subjects of international law include states, the Holy See (Vatican), international organizations, individuals, the International Red Cross, and belligerents in conflicts.
• 😀 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague is the primary judicial body responsible for settling disputes between states, providing advisory opinions, and helping to maintain global legal order.

Q & A

What is international law?

International law refers to a set of rules and principles that govern relations between sovereign states and other international actors. It ensures smooth international relations by setting guidelines for conduct, both between states and other international entities.

What is the purpose of international law?

The purpose of international law is to regulate the interactions between states and other international actors, ensuring order, peace, and cooperation in the international community.

What are the two main branches of international law?

The two main branches of international law are private international law, which governs the relationships between individuals or entities across borders, and public international law, which governs the relationships between states.

What are the key principles of international law?

The key principles of international law include territoriality, nationality, common interest, pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept), equality of rights, reciprocity, courtesy, and rebus sic stantibus (change of fundamental conditions).

What is the principle of pacta sunt servanda?

Pacta sunt servanda is the principle that states that any agreement made between parties must be honored and upheld by those parties.

What is the role of customary international law?

Customary international law consists of practices and rules that have become widely accepted over time by states and are considered binding. These practices have the force of law and can be enforced in international relations.

What are the sources of international law?

The sources of international law include international treaties and agreements, international customs, general principles of law recognized by civilized nations, judicial decisions, teachings of legal scholars, and decisions by international organizations.

Who are the subjects of international law?

The subjects of international law include states, international organizations, individuals, and certain non-state entities such as the Holy See, the International Red Cross, and belligerents in armed conflicts.

What is the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial body of the United Nations. Based in The Hague, it settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by the UN General Assembly, Security Council, or other authorized bodies.

How are judges selected for the International Court of Justice?

Judges of the International Court of Justice are selected based on their expertise in law, with 15 judges serving nine-year terms. They are elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council, and each judge must represent a different legal system.