teknologi organisasi

Summary

The transcript explores organizational technology, its definitions, and its various classifications. It discusses how technology transforms inputs into outputs and categorizes technologies used in manufacturing and non-manufacturing organizations. The script covers theories from experts like Robin (1994), Husaini, and Thompson, highlighting different technological typologies such as long-link, intermediary, and intensive technologies. It also delves into how technologies influence organizational structure and management, emphasizing their connection to task variation and problem analysis. Overall, the script provides a comprehensive view of how technology shapes organizational processes and structures.

Takeaways

• 😀 Organizational technology refers to the knowledge, tools, and processes used to transform inputs into outputs within an organization.
• 😀 Technology in an organization involves three key components: tools (machines and equipment), methods (work procedures), and knowledge (how to operate tools and execute processes).
• 😀 There are three types of organizational technology: manufacturing technology, service technology, and non-manufacturing technology.
• 😀 Manufacturing technologies vary, including unit production (low-tech, skilled labor), mass production (mechanized, high certainty), and process production (highly automated and controlled).
• 😀 Non-manufacturing organizations can be categorized based on their interactions with clients and internal activities into three types: long link technology, intermediary technology, and intensive technology.
• 😀 Long link technology involves sequential tasks where each task serves as input for the next, such as in restaurant or hotel services.
• 😀 Intermediary technology connects clients who cannot interact directly, often found in stock exchanges, banks, and retail businesses.
• 😀 Intensive technology refers to specialized services, such as hospital care, where various specialized tasks come together to serve one client, such as anesthesia and surgery.
• 😀 The knowledge-based technology theory by Charles Perrow divides technology into four types: routine, non-routine, hard, and engineering, based on task variation and analysis complexity.
• 😀 The use of technology in an organization influences its structure and management characteristics, affecting both internal processes and organizational design.

Q & A

What is the general definition of organizational technology according to the script?

Organizational technology refers to the processes, tools, and knowledge required to transform inputs into outputs within an organization. It involves the equipment, methods, and expertise needed to carry out organizational activities.

How does Robin (1994) define technology in relation to organizations?

Robin (1994) defines technology as the information, tools, and processes necessary to convert inputs into outputs in an organization.

What are the three key components of technology in an organization as mentioned in the script?

The three key components of technology in an organization are: 1) Tools (machines and facilities needed for reproduction), 2) Methods (the procedures and work processes), and 3) Knowledge (needed to operate the tools and execute the activities).

What are the three types of organizational technologies in manufacturing according to the script?

The three types of organizational technologies in manufacturing are: 1) Unit or single production, 2) Mass production, and 3) Process production.

What distinguishes unit or single production in manufacturing?

Unit or single production involves creating a product individually or in small quantities, often based on customer orders. The technology used is simple, relying on the skills of the operator, with low certainty regarding product quantity or uniformity.

What is mass production and how does it differ from unit production?

Mass production involves the creation of products in large quantities, which are stored in warehouses and shipped according to orders. It uses mechanical or automated machines, ensuring high certainty regarding product quantity and characteristics.

What is process production in manufacturing?

Process production refers to the creation of products through continuous processes that run automatically without much worker intervention. The technology used is highly complex, with machines and automation ensuring a high level of certainty in the quantity and characteristics of the products.

How does Thompson categorize organizational technologies in non-manufacturing organizations?

Thompson categorizes non-manufacturing organizational technologies into three types: 1) Long link technologies (sequential activities), 2) Mediating technologies (connecting clients who cannot interact directly), and 3) Intensive technologies (integrating various specialized services to serve a client).

What is an example of long link technology in non-manufacturing organizations?

An example of long link technology is found in industries such as licensing or hospitality (e.g., hotels and restaurants), where activities are sequential and lead to a final service delivered to the consumer.

What is the difference between mediating technology and intensive technology?

Mediating technology connects clients who cannot interact directly, such as in stock exchanges, banks, or retail stores. Intensive technology, on the other hand, involves specialized services, such as in hospitals, where various specialized services like anesthesia and surgery are combined to serve a single client.

What does the script mention about Charles Perrow's theory of technology?

Charles Perrow's theory of technology focuses on the classification of technologies based on the variety of tasks and the level of difficulty in analyzing those tasks. It classifies technologies into four types: routine, non-routine, hard, and engineering technologies.

What are the four types of technology according to Perrow's classification?

Perrow classifies technology into four types: 1) Routine technology (low task variation, easy to analyze), 2) Non-routine technology (high task variation, difficult to analyze), 3) Hard technology (low task variation, difficult to analyze), and 4) Engineering technology (high task variation, handled with standard procedures).