Kurikulum 1947

Summary

The 1947 Curriculum in Indonesia marked a pivotal moment in the nation's education system post-independence. Influenced by the political shift following the Declaration of Independence, it replaced the colonial Dutch and Japanese systems. This curriculum focused on character development, national awareness, and practical learning. Despite its strengths in fostering unity and national consciousness, it was limited by its dependence on conventional teaching methods, lack of clarity in subject suitability, and limited application across schools. The curriculum emphasized patriotism, with assessments largely based on student performance in various forms of tests, reflecting the educational priorities of the time.

Takeaways

• 😀 The 1947 curriculum (Rencana Pelajaran 1947) was Indonesia's first educational framework post-independence, replacing the colonial systems from the Dutch and Japanese eras.
• 😀 The 1947 curriculum was developed to align with the political changes following Indonesia's independence declaration on August 17, 1945, and aimed to create an education system reflecting the new nation's values.
• 😀 This curriculum emphasized character building and national awareness, with a focus on fostering individuals who were sovereign and equal to other nations.
• 😀 The 1947 curriculum included two main components: a list of subjects and their corresponding teaching hours, as well as broad teaching guidelines centered around how teachers should teach and students should learn.
• 😀 The curriculum highlighted the importance of civic and moral education, with a focus on developing creativity, emotions, willpower, and ethics (known as Pancawardhana).
• 😀 It focused on education that connected directly to everyday life and society, encouraging practical learning over theoretical knowledge.
• 😀 The curriculum also featured subjects related to arts and physical education, emphasizing a balanced approach to academic, physical, and moral development.
• 😀 The methods of teaching during this period were still traditional, with a strong focus on the teacher's role in delivering content and the student’s role in absorbing it.
• 😀 The 1947 curriculum was applied in three educational levels: Sekolah Rakyat (Elementary), Sekolah Menengah Pertama (Middle School), and Sekolah Menengah Atas (High School), with distinct focus areas in each level.
• 😀 Evaluation and assessment methods were designed to assess a student's patriotism and moral development, with different types of exams such as daily tests, general exams, and final exams determining graduation.
• 😀 The curriculum had its strengths, such as fostering national awareness and unifying Indonesia's diverse people, but also faced challenges like its continued reliance on colonial-era teaching methods and a lack of focus on cognitive and psychomotor development.

Q & A

What was the name of Indonesia's first curriculum after independence?

The first curriculum after Indonesia's independence was called the 'Rencana Pelajaran 1947' or the '1947 Lesson Plan'.

What influenced the educational system in Indonesia prior to the 1947 curriculum?

Prior to the 1947 curriculum, the educational system in Indonesia was heavily influenced by the colonial education systems of the Dutch and Japanese.

What political event directly impacted the educational system in Indonesia?

The declaration of Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945, directly impacted the educational system, leading to a shift away from colonial education systems.

What are the two main components of the 1947 curriculum?

The 1947 curriculum had two main components: a list of subjects along with their teaching hours, and the general guidelines for teaching those subjects.

What was the primary focus of education under the 1947 curriculum?

The primary focus of education under the 1947 curriculum was on the development of character, the promotion of nationalism, and the cultivation of moral values.

How was the 1947 curriculum's teaching method characterized?

The teaching method of the 1947 curriculum was conventional and teacher-centered, focusing more on how teachers taught and how students learned, rather than interactive or student-centered learning.

What role did Pancasila play in the 1947 curriculum?

Pancasila, the foundational philosophy of Indonesia, was the basis for the educational system and influenced the curriculum's focus on nationalism, patriotism, and social values.

What were the different education levels under the 1947 curriculum?

Under the 1947 curriculum, there were three levels of education: Sekolah Rakyat (Elementary School), Sekolah Menengah Pertama (Junior High School), and Sekolah Menengah Atas (Senior High School).

What were the two main streams of study in high school under the 1947 curriculum?

In Senior High School, there were two main streams of study: the language and knowledge stream, and the science and natural knowledge stream.

What were some of the strengths and weaknesses of the 1947 curriculum?

Strengths of the 1947 curriculum included fostering national consciousness, promoting unity, and being philosophically aligned with Indonesia's values. Weaknesses included reliance on the colonial teaching methods, a focus on the affective domain at the expense of cognitive and psychomotor skills, and limited practical implementation in schools.