Perkembangan Kurikulum di Indonesia dari Masa ke Masa

Summary

This video explores the history of curriculum development in Indonesia, starting from the pre-independence era through various political regimes to the present day. It highlights the evolution from the Dutch colonial education system to Indonesia’s own educational reforms post-independence. Key curricula such as the 1947 'Lesson Plan,' the Pancasila-based curriculum of the 1960s, and the competency-based curricula of the 2000s are discussed. The 2013 curriculum, emphasizing knowledge, skills, and attitudes, marks the latest development. The video also reflects on how guidance and counseling teachers play a vital role in implementing these changes effectively.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of curriculum development in Indonesia spans from 1945 to 2015, with multiple reforms addressing the country's educational needs.
• 😀 The curriculum in Indonesia has evolved through various phases, such as the pre-independence period (Dutch and Japanese eras) and post-independence reforms.
• 😀 The 1945 curriculum marked the beginning of formal education, with the introduction of the 'lesson plan' focused on character education and moral development.
• 😀 In the 1950s and 1960s, Indonesia introduced detailed lesson plans and educational reforms that aligned with national development goals, such as the 1964 Pancawardhana curriculum.
• 😀 The 1968 curriculum introduced a focus on Pancasila, promoting physical, moral, and intellectual development aligned with the new political climate under Suharto's rule.
• 😀 The 1984 curriculum prioritized an active learning approach, encouraging student-centered education and focusing on competency development.
• 😀 By 1994, the curriculum had become more content-heavy, with criticisms about the dense workload for students, covering a broad range of subjects from national content to local arts and languages.
• 😀 The 2004 KBK (competency-based curriculum) emphasized the development of specific competencies tailored to students' learning outcomes and individual needs.
• 😀 The 2006 KTSP curriculum granted more autonomy to educational units, allowing schools to adapt curricula based on local contexts and student characteristics.
• 😀 The 2013 curriculum integrated knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with a focus on holistic student development, though it required teachers to possess advanced competencies in both teaching and management.

Q & A

What is the definition of curriculum according to the National Education System Law of 2003?

The curriculum is a set of plans and arrangements regarding the objectives, content, learning materials, and methods used as guidelines for organizing learning activities to achieve specific educational goals.

What was the first detailed curriculum in Indonesia, and when did it emerge?

The first detailed curriculum in Indonesia emerged in 1947, known as the Detailed Lesson Plan (Rencana Pelajaran Terperinci).

How many curriculum renewals have occurred in Indonesia between 1945 and 2015?

There have been around 11 changes or developments of the curriculum in Indonesia from 1945 until 2015.

What are the two main eras that can be distinguished in Indonesian curriculum development?

The two main eras in Indonesian curriculum development are the pre-independence era (during the Dutch and Japanese periods) and the post-independence era (which includes the Old Order, New Order, and Reform periods).

What are the main features of the pre-independence education system in Indonesia?

The pre-independence education system in Indonesia included Islamic education in boarding schools, the Dutch education system, and systems developed by educational figures such as Ki Hajar Dewantara and Ki Hajar Ahmad Dahlan.

How did the curriculum during the Japanese era reflect the political aims of that time?

The curriculum during the Japanese era focused on fostering the Greater East Asia ideology and preparing soldiers for the battlefield, with an emphasis on military training and Japanese cultural values.

What was the focus of the 1947 curriculum in Indonesia?

The 1947 curriculum, known as the Lesson Plan (Rencana Pelajaran), emphasized character education and the development of moral values, rather than focusing heavily on academic learning.

What was the core objective of the 1984 curriculum in Indonesia?

The 1984 curriculum focused on a process-oriented approach, emphasizing active student participation in learning and the development of skills through the CBS (Cara Belajar Siswa Aktif) or Active Student Learning method.

What was the main criticism of the 1994 curriculum in Indonesia?

The 1994 curriculum was criticized for being too dense, with a heavy burden on students due to the inclusion of both national and local content such as arts, regional skills, and languages.

What are the key characteristics of the 2013 curriculum in Indonesia?

The 2013 curriculum places an emphasis on the integration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. It also streamlined subject matter and introduced a more comprehensive assessment of students' academic performance, social skills, and behaviors.