Mata Pelajaran IPS Materi 1 (Kelompok 1)

Summary

The video script covers the development of Indonesia during the Orde Lama (Old Order) era, from the Proclamation of Independence in 1945 until the transition to Orde Baru (New Order) in 1966. It discusses the unstable political and economic conditions of the time, highlighting efforts by the government to stabilize both. Key topics include the establishment of a parliamentary democracy, the 1955 elections, and major infrastructure projects like the Juanda Airport, Ampera Bridge, and Jati Luhur Dam. Despite facing political crises, the Orde Lama administration focused on economic planning and development, including national industry growth and educational advancements.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Orde Lama period in Indonesia spans from the proclamation of independence on August 17, 1945, to the transition to the Orde Baru in 1966.
• 😀 During this time, Indonesia faced instability both politically and economically, with internal and external conflicts affecting the nation.
• 😀 The government aimed to stabilize the political system and increase public political awareness through systemic reforms.
• 😀 Initially, Indonesia adopted a parliamentary democracy, where the President was the Head of State, and there was a Prime Minister as the Head of Government.
• 😀 In 1955, Indonesia held its first general elections, marking a significant milestone in the democratic process.
• 😀 The Asian-African Conference was held to unite regional powers and strengthen Indonesia's diplomatic position on the world stage.
• 😀 President Sukarno issued a presidential decree in 1959, shifting the political system to a 'guided democracy' to address political crises.
• 😀 The 'Nasakom' campaign (Nationalist, Religious, and Communist) was promoted, though it did not last due to political tensions.
• 😀 In 1963, President Sukarno restructured national planning bodies, leading to the formation of BAPPENAS, the National Development Planning Agency.
• 😀 Major infrastructure projects during this period included Juanda Airport, the Ampera Bridge, and the Jatiluhur Dam, which contributed to national development.
• 😀 The Orde Lama era also focused on improving education, health, and welfare, setting the foundation for Indonesia's future growth.

Q & A

What was the political situation in Indonesia during the Orde Lama period?

During the Orde Lama period (1945-1966), Indonesia faced significant political instability. The country was dealing with internal conflicts, external threats, and the process of establishing a stable political system. This period was marked by challenges in governance, as the political system transitioned from a parliamentary democracy to a guided democracy.

What was the primary focus of development during the Orde Lama period?

The primary focus of development during the Orde Lama was on political and economic stability. Efforts were made to restructure the political system and raise political awareness among the people. Additionally, economic planning and the development of infrastructure were crucial goals of this era.

How did Indonesia’s political system evolve during the Orde Lama period?

Initially, Indonesia adopted a parliamentary democracy where the President was the Head of State and there was also a Prime Minister as the Head of Government. However, in 1959, President Sukarno issued a presidential decree that shifted the system to a guided democracy, consolidating power under his leadership and introducing the concept of the 'Nasakom' (Nationalism, Religion, and Communism) political ideology.

What significant event took place in Indonesia in 1955?

In 1955, Indonesia held its first general election (Pemilu), marking a significant step towards political participation and the establishment of democratic processes in the country. Additionally, Indonesia hosted the Asia-Africa Conference (Bandung Conference) to unify the strength of emerging nations.

What role did the 'Nasakom' concept play in Indonesia’s governance during Orde Lama?

'Nasakom' was an ideological campaign promoted by President Sukarno to unite three major political forces: nationalism, religion, and communism. It was intended to strengthen national unity but faced challenges due to political crises and conflicts between these groups.

What was the role of the National Planning Body (BAPPENAS) during the Orde Lama period?

BAPPENAS, or the National Planning Body, was established in 1963 to plan and coordinate Indonesia’s economic development. It played a key role in formulating long-term strategies for the country’s growth, including industrialization and infrastructure development.

What were some notable infrastructure projects during the Orde Lama period?

Significant infrastructure projects during the Orde Lama period included the construction of Juanda Airport, the Ampera Bridge, and the Jatiluhur Dam. These projects aimed to improve transportation, communication, and water management in Indonesia.

What was the significance of the 1959 Presidential Decree by President Sukarno?

The 1959 Presidential Decree by President Sukarno was pivotal in transitioning Indonesia from a parliamentary democracy to a guided democracy. This decree helped consolidate power in the presidency and introduced the idea of 'Nasakom' to promote unity among the diverse political forces in Indonesia.

How did the Orde Lama government handle economic planning?

The Orde Lama government focused on economic planning through the creation of various institutions, such as the Economic Planning Agency (Badan Perancang Ekonomi) in 1947, which aimed to develop long-term economic strategies. Sukarno’s government also emphasized national development through state-run enterprises and strategic industrialization efforts.

What challenges did the Orde Lama face in terms of political stability?

The Orde Lama period faced significant political challenges, including internal conflicts among political groups, the rise of communist influence, and tensions with external powers. The government struggled to maintain stability due to competing ideologies and frequent changes in leadership.