Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Pemerintahan Orde Lama!

Summary

This video script delves into the dual aspects of the Orde Lama regime in Indonesia, led by President Soekarno from 1945 to 1966. It highlights the regime's achievements, such as securing Indonesia's sovereignty and independence, gaining international recognition, and conducting the country's first democratic elections in 1955. However, it also addresses the regime's shortcomings, including economic crises, regional disparities, discriminatory policies, and political instability leading to the G30S incident. The script encourages viewers to consider both the positive and negative impacts of this era for a balanced understanding of Indonesian history.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Orde Lama regime, led by President Soekarno from 1945 to 1966, had both positive and negative aspects, similar to other foreign governments like Francisco Franco's Spain.
• 🏛️ Indonesia gained sovereignty and international recognition under Orde Lama, marking a significant achievement after a long period of colonization.
• 🤝 The regime received support from various international powers, including the United States, the Soviet Union, India, and Arab nations, which helped in gaining independence and establishing a positive international image.
• 🗳️ The first general election in Indonesian history took place under Orde Lama in 1955, which was considered the most democratic and participatory election in the country's history.
• 🌐 Indonesia played a significant role in international diplomacy, pioneering the non-aligned movement alongside Yugoslavia, Egypt, and Ghana, and hosting the Asia-Africa Conference.
• 📜 The regime faced criticism for the misuse of the 1945 Constitution, particularly with the issuance of MPRS Decree No. 3/1965, which violated the constitutional term limits for the presidency.
• 💔 The economic crisis during Orde Lama was severe, with hyperinflation reaching 600% in the 1960s, a higher rate compared to the 1998 monetary crisis.
• 🔄 There were issues of central-local government conflicts and various rebellions, such as PRRI and Permesta, which were partly due to uneven development outside of Java.
• 🛡️ The regime implemented policies that were discriminatory, such as the 'Benteng' policy favoring indigenous entrepreneurs and Presidential Decree No. 10/1959, which targeted and discriminated against the Chinese community.
• 🌐 The aggressive foreign policy, including Trikora and Dwikora, led to internal development being overshadowed by military projects and attracted foreign intelligence operations, contributing to the downfall of President Soekarno.
• 📚 The script encourages viewers to consider both the positive and negative aspects of Orde Lama objectively and to share their thoughts in the comments section.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script regarding the Orde Lama regime?

The main focus of the video script is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Orde Lama regime led by President Soekarno from 1945 to 1966, without going into chronological history.

What was one of the significant achievements of the Orde Lama regime in terms of international recognition?

One of the significant achievements was Indonesia's ability to gain independence both de facto and de jure, being recognized as a sovereign and equal nation among other countries in the world.

How did the Orde Lama regime manage to gain support from various international entities for Indonesia's independence?

The regime gained support through diplomatic and military efforts, leading to recognition and support from the United States, Soviet Union, India, Arab countries, and even the Vatican.

What was the role of Romo Sugihardjo in the context of Indonesia's international relations during the Orde Lama regime?

Romo Sugihardjo helped Indonesia establish good relations with the Vatican, demonstrating his nationalism through diplomacy, which eventually led to the Vatican being one of the first countries to recognize Indonesia's sovereignty on July 6, 1947.

Why was the recognition from the Vatican particularly important for Indonesia during the Orde Lama regime?

The recognition from the Vatican was important as it projected a positive image among non-Muslim countries, especially in Europe and the United States, showing that Indonesia had support beyond just Muslim-majority nations.

How did the Orde Lama regime's stance during the Cold War contribute to Indonesia's international significance?

Both the Western and Eastern blocs during the Cold War tried to draw Indonesia into their sphere of influence because of its rich natural resources and strategic geopolitical position, which made Indonesia a highly considered nation since the Battle of Surabaya.

What significant international agreement did Indonesia achieve under the Orde Lama regime?

Indonesia achieved the New York Agreement in 1962, which led to West Papua being handed over to Indonesia's territory.

What was the first general election held in Indonesia under the Orde Lama regime, and what was its significance?

The first general election was held in 1955, which was significant as it was the first in Indonesian history and is considered the most democratic and participatory election, leaving a lasting legacy for the country's democratic process.

What are some of the criticisms regarding the Orde Lama regime's handling of the 1945 Constitution?

The regime has been criticized for the misuse of the 1945 Constitution, such as through the issuance of MPRS Decree No. 3 in 1965, which clearly violated Article 7 of the Constitution by extending the presidential term beyond the 5-year limit with a maximum of two terms.

What economic crisis did Indonesia face during the Orde Lama regime, and how does it compare to the 1998 monetary crisis?

Indonesia faced its worst economic crisis during the Orde Lama regime with hyperinflation reaching 600% in the 1960s, which was much worse compared to the 1998 monetary crisis, where inflation was around 78%.

What were the 'Benteng' policy and Presidential Decree No. 10 of 1959, and why were they controversial?

The 'Benteng' policy was intended to protect native entrepreneurs from non-native entrepreneurs by providing them with government credits. Presidential Decree No. 10 of 1959 targeted and discriminated against the Chinese community, prohibiting them from selling at the sub-district level and forcing them to give their businesses to Indonesian nationals, which was seen as unfair by many, including the famous writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer.

How did the Orde Lama regime's foreign policy contribute to internal issues in Indonesia?

The aggressive foreign policy, such as Trikora and Dwikora, and the military campaigns led to a neglect of domestic development, prioritizing military projects that required more funding and attracted foreign intelligence operations, which ultimately led to the regime's downfall with the G30S incident.