KHOIRUL MUTTAKIN | kemuhammadiyahan kelas XI, materi periodesasi perjuangan muhammadiyah

Summary

This video provides a comprehensive overview of Muhammadiyah's historical struggle and contributions in Indonesia. From its resistance against colonial rule during the Dutch and Japanese occupations to its active role in the post-independence era, Muhammadiyah has continuously shaped Indonesia’s socio-political landscape. The video highlights its involvement in the national revolution, opposition to communism during the Orde Lama, contributions in the Orde Baru period, and significant reforms during the Reformasi. It also discusses Muhammadiyah’s ongoing commitment to social justice, Islamic values, and modern challenges in the 21st century.

Takeaways

• 😀 Muhammadiyah played a significant role in resisting colonial powers, specifically the Dutch and Japanese, during Indonesia's colonial era.
• 😀 During Japanese occupation, Muhammadiyah opposed the seikerei ceremony, which they saw as idolatry, and advocated for the protection of Indonesia's Muslim youth.
• 😀 Key figures such as Kyai Haji Mas Mansyur, Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, Jenderal Sudirman, and Jenderal Sarbini contributed to the resistance efforts and the development of Muhammadiyah.
• 😀 After Indonesia's independence, Muhammadiyah took a front-line position in addressing issues like poverty, education, and healthcare, often stepping in where the government fell short.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah leaders like Ki Bagus Hadikusumo and Abdulkahar Muzakir played vital roles in shaping the nation’s early political and constitutional framework, including the inclusion of the first principle of Pancasila.
• 😀 In the post-independence period, Muhammadiyah became actively involved in the country's independence struggle and continued to advocate for the nation’s sovereignty through various community-driven efforts.
• 😀 During the Old Order (Orde Lama), Muhammadiyah's leaders worked to define the organization's identity and maintain its integrity against the rise of communist influence and political turmoil.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah’s active resistance against the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) during the 1965 events was a key part of its legacy during the Old Order era.
• 😀 The New Order (Orde Baru) period saw Muhammadiyah focus on reforming its ideology, expanding its membership, and preserving its mission in the face of a single-party system imposed by the government.
• 😀 Under leadership in the 21st century, Muhammadiyah continues to adapt to global and local changes by advocating for progressive Islamic principles, social reform, and cultural enlightenment.

Q & A

What was the role of Muhammadiyah before Indonesia's independence?

Before Indonesia's independence, Muhammadiyah played a critical role in resisting colonial powers, particularly the Dutch and Japanese. The organization's leadership, including figures like Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, was instrumental in opposing Japanese rule and protecting Islamic values, such as resisting the Seikerei ceremony, which was considered a form of Shirk by Muhammadiyah.

How did Muhammadiyah respond to the Japanese occupation during World War II?

During the Japanese occupation, Muhammadiyah's leadership, especially Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, strongly resisted the Japanese government's forced cultural and religious practices, such as the Seikerei ceremony. Muhammadiyah's stance was to protect the integrity of Muslim beliefs and prevent the spread of practices considered idolatrous.

Who were some notable Muhammadiyah figures involved in Indonesia's independence movement?

Notable Muhammadiyah figures involved in Indonesia's independence movement included Ki Bagus Hadikusumo and Abdulkahar Muzakir. They contributed significantly to the early formation of the Indonesian state, including involvement in drafting the 1945 Constitution and establishing key national principles.

What role did Muhammadiyah play after Indonesia gained independence?

After Indonesia's independence, Muhammadiyah actively participated in the nation's development by addressing social issues such as poverty, education, and health. The organization also had a crucial role in the revolutionary struggle for the independence of the nation and continued contributing to national affairs through various organizational activities.

How did Muhammadiyah contribute to the formation of Indonesia's national identity?

Muhammadiyah, particularly through figures like Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, contributed to the formation of Indonesia's national identity by being involved in drafting the nation's founding documents. Hadikusumo played a key role in formulating the first principle of Pancasila, 'Belief in the One and Only God,' which emphasized Indonesia's religious identity.

What challenges did Muhammadiyah face during the Old Order period in Indonesia?

During the Old Order period, Muhammadiyah faced challenges due to the political dominance of the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI) and the rising influence of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). The organization resisted attempts to integrate communism into the national agenda and worked to safeguard its Islamic values and political independence.

How did Muhammadiyah respond to the threat of communism in Indonesia?

Muhammadiyah strongly opposed communism, especially during the Old Order period, by establishing Kokam (Command of Muhammadiyah's Youth Forces) to resist the PKI. Kokam worked alongside the military to prevent the spread of communism and played a role in the events surrounding the 1965 Indonesian Communist coup attempt.

What was the significance of the leadership of Kyai Haji Faqih Usman and AR Fachrudin in Muhammadiyah's history?

Kyai Haji Faqih Usman and AR Fachrudin were key leaders during the New Order period. They focused on revitalizing Muhammadiyah's mission, ensuring the organization's relevance in the face of modern challenges. Their leadership helped refocus Muhammadiyah on its core mission and ideologies, with an emphasis on social issues and educational reforms.

How did the Reformasi period influence Muhammadiyah's direction?

The Reformasi period saw Muhammadiyah, under the leadership of figures like Amien Rais, shift its focus towards political reform, emphasizing democracy and human rights. Muhammadiyah advocated for transparency, anti-corruption, and political accountability, marking a significant change in its role within Indonesian society.

What were the goals of Muhammadiyah in the 21st century, according to the script?

In the 21st century, Muhammadiyah's goals were centered around advancing Islamic enlightenment and social justice. The organization aimed to promote a progressive Islam, engage in social development, and respond to the challenges posed by globalization and ideological diversity. It focused on empowerment, peace, and ethical leadership to navigate Indonesia's complex, modern landscape.