Transduksi pada Bakteri

Summary

This video explains the process of transduction in bacteria, where genetic material is transferred through infection by bacteriophages. It outlines two main cycles: the lytic and lysogenic cycles. In the lytic cycle, the virus injects its DNA into the bacterial cell, taking over its metabolism and eventually causing the cell to burst. In the lysogenic cycle, the virus DNA integrates with the bacterial DNA and replicates alongside it, staying dormant until triggered by adverse conditions. Once activated, the virus DNA switches to the lytic cycle, leading to further bacterial cell destruction.

Takeaways

• 😀 Transduction is the process where bacteria acquire genetic material from a virus (bacteriophage) that infects them.
• 😀 There are two types of transduction cycles: the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle.
• 😀 In the lytic cycle, the virus attaches to the bacterial cell receptors and injects its DNA into the cell.
• 😀 The viral DNA halts the synthesis of bacterial molecules and takes over the bacterial cell's metabolism.
• 😀 The virus then assembles its structure inside the bacterial cell.
• 😀 Once the viral structure is formed, the virus releases an enzyme called lysozyme to destroy the bacterial cell.
• 😀 In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA integrates with the bacterial DNA, forming a prophage.
• 😀 The prophage replicates along with the bacterial DNA during normal cell division.
• 😀 When environmental conditions become unfavorable, the prophage becomes active and separates from the bacterial DNA.
• 😀 Upon activation, the viral DNA switches to the lytic cycle and begins the process of viral replication and cell destruction.

Q & A

What is transduction in bacteria?

Transduction is the process in which genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus, specifically a bacteriophage.

What are the two types of transduction cycles?

The two types of transduction cycles are the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle.

How does the lytic cycle work in transduction?

In the lytic cycle, a bacteriophage attaches to a bacterial cell, injects its DNA, and takes over the bacterial cell's metabolism. This leads to the production of new viruses, and the bacterial cell eventually bursts to release them.

What happens to the bacterial cell during the lytic cycle?

During the lytic cycle, the bacteriophage DNA halts the synthesis of bacterial molecules, hijacks the bacterial cell's metabolism to produce new virus particles, and eventually causes the bacterial cell to rupture.

What role does the enzyme lysozyme play in the lytic cycle?

Lysozyme is an enzyme released by the newly formed viruses that destroys the bacterial cell wall, causing the bacterial cell to break open and release the viral progeny.

What happens during the lysogenic cycle?

During the lysogenic cycle, the bacteriophage DNA integrates into the bacterial DNA and forms a prophage. The bacterial cell continues to replicate normally, passing the prophage along to its daughter cells.

What triggers the prophage to switch to the lytic cycle?

The prophage can be triggered to exit the lysogenic cycle and enter the lytic cycle when the bacterial environment becomes unfavorable or stressed.

How does the prophage replicate with the bacterial DNA in the lysogenic cycle?

In the lysogenic cycle, the prophage DNA is integrated into the bacterial chromosome and is replicated along with the bacterial DNA during cell division.

What happens when the environment becomes unfavorable for the bacterium in the lysogenic cycle?

When the environment becomes unfavorable, the prophage exits the bacterial chromosome, activates, and switches to the lytic cycle, where it produces new viruses and causes the bacterial cell to lyse.

What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles in terms of bacterial cell destruction?

The lytic cycle causes the destruction of the bacterial cell through lysis (breaking open), while the lysogenic cycle does not immediately destroy the bacterial cell. Instead, the viral DNA integrates into the bacterial genome and replicates with it.