TEORI BIOTEKNOLOGI FARMASI : NANOBIOTEKNOLOGI (PENGHANTARAN OBAT, VAKSIN) KELOMPOK 7, TEORI 3

Summary

This presentation discusses nanobiotechnology and its applications in drug delivery and vaccine development, particularly focusing on mRNA vaccines for COVID-19. It covers the basics of nanobiotechnology, its goals such as improving antigen delivery, vaccine stability, and reducing side effects. Key topics include the advantages of lipid nanoparticles in mRNA vaccine delivery, the process of protecting and delivering mRNA to cells, and the effectiveness of these vaccines. The presentation also highlights the benefits of nanotechnology in enhancing drug delivery and overcoming challenges faced by traditional methods.

Takeaways

• 😀 Nanobiotechnology combines nanotechnology and biotechnology to improve traditional biotechnological methods and overcome limitations such as side effects from conventional therapies.
• 😀 One of the main applications of nanobiotechnology in drug delivery is enhancing the stability and efficiency of mRNA vaccines, especially for COVID-19.
• 😀 The goal of applying nanobiotechnology to mRNA vaccines is to improve antigen delivery, stability, immunogen modification, and mucosal immunization, as well as increase bioavailability.
• 😀 Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in diagnosing viral diseases like COVID-19 by blocking viral cell interactions, translating genetic material, and damaging virus replication.
• 😀 mRNA vaccines, such as Moderna and Pfizer's, rely on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for effective delivery, which helps stabilize and protect mRNA from degradation.
• 😀 mRNA vaccines have shown high efficacy, with Pfizer's and Moderna's vaccines achieving 95% and 94.5% effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2, respectively.
• 😀 LNPs in mRNA vaccines are crucial for delivering the mRNA into host cells, where it instructs the cells to produce viral spike proteins and initiate an immune response.
• 😀 Conventional virus-based vaccines require live or weakened viruses, offering strong immune responses, but mRNA vaccines do not require penetration into the host cell nucleus, making them safer and easier to produce quickly.
• 😀 Challenges with mRNA vaccines include manufacturing at sufficient titers, high per-dose costs, and the need for multiple doses to achieve immunity.
• 😀 LNPs address the challenge of mRNA absorption by protecting the mRNA from degradation and facilitating its entry into cells, making LNPs a preferred delivery system over other methods.

Q & A

What is nanobiotechnology?

Nanobiotechnology is a combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology. It is a nano-based approach developed to improve traditional biotechnology methods and address their limitations, including side effects caused by conventional therapies.

What are the main applications of nanobiotechnology in drug delivery and vaccines?

Nanobiotechnology can enhance antigen delivery, improve vaccine stability, modify immunogens, increase mucosal immunity, improve bioavailability, develop RNA-based vaccines, control antigen release, and reduce side effects.

How does nanobiotechnology contribute to the fight against COVID-19?

Nanobiotechnology plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 by blocking virus-cell interactions, preventing virus reproduction, and stimulating subcellular processes that damage the virus. It is also used in the development of mRNA vaccines like Moderna and Pfizer's vaccines.

What are the advantages of using lipid nanoparticles (LNP) in mRNA vaccines?

Lipid nanoparticles offer unique advantages, including improved drug delivery, enhanced surface area, protection of the mRNA from degradation, and the ability to modulate pharmacokinetics. LNPs enhance the stability and cellular absorption of mRNA vaccines.

What challenges exist in the development of mRNA vaccines, and how are they addressed?

Challenges include difficulties in manufacturing sufficient mRNA titers, high cost per dose, and the need for multiple doses to achieve immunity. These challenges are addressed by using lipid nanoparticles to protect the mRNA and facilitate its absorption into cells.

What is the role of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) in the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines?

Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) protect mRNA from degradation, help it penetrate cell membranes, and ensure the successful delivery of the mRNA into host cells where it can trigger the production of viral spike proteins to elicit an immune response.

What are the key components of lipid nanoparticles used in mRNA vaccines?

The key components of lipid nanoparticles include ionizable lipids for self-assembly and encapsulation of mRNA, stabilizers like cholesterol or sphingolipids for membrane fusion, phospholipids for bilayer stabilization, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for improving stability and kinetics.

How do mRNA vaccines differ from conventional vaccines?

Unlike conventional vaccines, which use weakened or inactivated viruses, mRNA vaccines contain modified mRNA that instructs cells to produce viral proteins. mRNA vaccines are safer as they do not use live viruses and do not require nuclear penetration to function.

What is the importance of the surface area in lipid nanoparticles used for mRNA vaccines?

The enhanced surface area of lipid nanoparticles is crucial because it improves their ability to encapsulate and protect mRNA, increasing stability and facilitating more efficient cellular uptake.

What are the main characteristics of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) that make them suitable for mRNA vaccine delivery?

Lipid nanoparticles have several key characteristics that make them ideal for mRNA vaccine delivery, including their biocompatibility, ability to protect mRNA from degradation, and ability to penetrate cell membranes, ensuring efficient delivery of mRNA into cells.