Conhecendo os Presidentes - Ep. 01: Deodoro da Fonseca

Summary

In 1889, Dom Pedro I was the Emperor of Brazil, but his reign faced severe opposition from the military and coffee plantation owners. The Brazilian Armed Forces, supported by civil leaders, overthrew the Emperor, and Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca proclaimed a federal republic, establishing the three branches of government. Under his rule, civil marriage was introduced, along with the penal code and the first Republican Constitution. However, economic crises ensued, leading to inflation due to excessive currency issuance. Deodoro faced immense pressure and eventually resigned, avoiding further military conflict.

Takeaways

• 😀 Dom Pedro I was the Emperor of Brazil in 1889, but faced criticism from the military and landowners.
• 😀 The Brazilian military, along with civilian leaders, overthrew Dom Pedro I, and Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca proclaimed a federal republic.
• 😀 Deodoro's government reorganized Brazil into three branches of power: executive, legislative, and judiciary.
• 😀 The first civil marriage law, the penal code, and the first Constitution of the Republic were introduced during Deodoro's presidency.
• 😀 The state separated from the church during the early years of the republic.
• 😀 Brazil faced an economic crisis, leading to the issuance of excessive currency by Finance Minister Rui Barbosa to stimulate consumption and business.
• 😀 The issuance of excessive currency led to high inflation, a controversial practice known as 'incili'.
• 😀 Marshal Deodoro faced increasing pressure from the Congress, coffee landowners, the military, and the public.
• 😀 Deodoro attempted a coup, but military leaders persuaded him not to dissolve the Congress, warning that the Navy would bombard Rio de Janeiro.
• 😀 After nine months in office, Deodoro resigned from the presidency, having been elected by Congress.

Q & A

What significant event took place in Brazil in 1889?

In 1889, Brazil saw the deposition of Emperor Dom Pedro I, marking the end of the Brazilian Empire and the beginning of the Republic. The military, led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, played a pivotal role in this transition.

How did the military contribute to the establishment of the Republic in Brazil?

The military, supported by civilian leaders, overthrew Emperor Dom Pedro I. Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca then declared a federal republic and reorganized the government into three branches: executive, legislative, and judiciary.

What major changes occurred in Brazil following the proclamation of the Republic?

After the Republic was proclaimed, significant reforms were implemented, such as the institution of civil marriage, the introduction of the new penal code, the first Republic Constitution, and the separation of church and state.

What was Rui Barbosa's role in Brazil's early Republic?

Rui Barbosa, as the Minister of Finance, sought to stimulate consumption and business by issuing excessive amounts of currency. However, this led to rapid inflation, a controversial policy known as 'incili'.

What economic issue emerged due to Rui Barbosa's policy?

Rui Barbosa's policy of issuing too much currency resulted in severe inflation, which destabilized Brazil's economy during the early years of the Republic.

What was the impact of inflation on Brazil during the Republic's early years?

The excessive inflation, caused by the over-issuance of currency, contributed to an economic crisis, affecting the stability of the Republic.

What pressures did Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca face during his presidency?

Marshal Deodoro faced pressure from various sectors, including the military, coffee plantation owners, and the general public. This pressure, combined with his controversial actions, led to a political crisis.

What was Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca's response to the political crisis?

Faced with mounting pressure, Marshal Deodoro attempted a coup but was convinced by the military to not dissolve Congress, fearing that the Navy would bombard the city of Rio de Janeiro if he continued with his plans.

How did Marshal Deodoro's tenure end?

After a period of intense political struggle and mounting pressures, Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca resigned from the presidency, just months after being elected by Congress.

Why was Marshal Deodoro’s resignation significant?

Deodoro's resignation marked a significant moment in Brazil's political history, signaling the fragility of the early Republic and the difficulties in establishing a stable democratic government.