Kuliah Filsafat Ilmu || Proses Perolehan Pengetahuan || Part 4

Summary

The transcript explores the process of qualitative research, highlighting the importance of theory selection and its application to understand specific phenomena. It emphasizes the need for researchers to derive novelty through careful analysis, categorization, and critique of existing theories. The speaker also discusses the value of comparative analysis, showcasing how new findings challenge traditional concepts, such as the relationship between wages and motivation in Islamic boarding schools. Additionally, the role of logical reasoning in academic writing, using both inductive and deductive methods, is explored to ensure clarity and authority in research arguments.

Takeaways

• 😀 Qualitative research involves selecting theories that align with the data, with theories being discarded if they don't fit the research question.
• 😀 The research process includes interpreting data, identifying meaning, and uncovering novelty or potential new theories.
• 😀 Novelty in research can come from new methods or findings that challenge or expand upon existing theories.
• 😀 Researchers have the opportunity to critique and challenge existing theories based on their findings, contributing to academic discussions at national and international levels.
• 😀 Inductive reasoning (data-driven) and deductive reasoning (theory-driven) are both crucial for constructing logical, clear, and authoritative research.
• 😀 Effective research writing requires balancing inductive and deductive methods to ensure clarity and coherence in arguments.
• 😀 Theories are not static; they evolve as researchers apply them to new contexts and datasets, leading to potential revisions or new theoretical developments.
• 😀 Critiques of existing theories often emerge from comparing current research findings with previous studies, offering new insights or counterarguments.
• 😀 In qualitative research, understanding the socio-cultural and eschatological aspects of a subject can influence the interpretation of findings, as shown in the example of pesantren and the motivation of Ustadz despite low wages.
• 😀 Philosophical reasoning, such as the ideas of al-Kindi, shows how inductive and deductive processes intersect in both scientific and theological contexts, demonstrating the universality of logical thinking.
• 😀 The researcher’s role extends beyond data collection and analysis; it involves a continuous process of categorizing, interpreting, and situating findings within larger theoretical frameworks.

Q & A

What role does theory play in qualitative research according to the transcript?

Theory in qualitative research is used by researchers to interpret and understand phenomena. If a theory is relevant to the research context, it helps make sense of the data. If not, it may be discarded. Researchers select theories that align with their findings to interpret the data effectively.

How does the process of qualitative research extend beyond just reading and analyzing data?

Qualitative research involves not only analyzing the data but also interpreting its meaning, identifying novelty, and potentially developing new theories. This process includes categorization of data, understanding underlying meanings, and contributing novel insights to existing knowledge.

What is the importance of 'novelty' in qualitative research?

Novelty in qualitative research refers to the discovery of new insights, either through methods, findings, or theories. Researchers identify and present novelty through their interpretations of data, which could lead to new theoretical developments or an alternative understanding of a phenomenon.

How can qualitative researchers critique existing theories?

Qualitative researchers can critique existing theories by comparing them with their own findings, highlighting discrepancies or gaps. This critique can challenge established theoretical frameworks and contribute to the evolution of knowledge within the field.

What is the role of comparison in qualitative research?

Comparison in qualitative research involves juxtaposing previous research findings with new data to highlight similarities, differences, and potential contradictions. This process can help refine existing theories or prompt the creation of new ones.

How does the concept of motivation in workers differ between traditional and specific case studies in qualitative research?

In traditional studies, low wages are often associated with decreased motivation and performance. However, in specific case studies such as those in pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), researchers found that motivation is driven by eschatological beliefs (focus on the afterlife) rather than financial incentives, highlighting a cultural or religious dimension.

Why is it necessary for qualitative researchers to also engage with international discussions?

Engaging with international discussions helps researchers contribute to global academic debates and present their findings to a wider audience. By critiquing and analyzing theories from different contexts, researchers elevate the importance of their work beyond local or national boundaries.

What does it mean to develop a new theory in qualitative research?

Developing a new theory in qualitative research involves synthesizing insights from the research findings and applying them to create new conceptual frameworks. This theory should provide a fresh perspective on the phenomenon studied and fill gaps in existing literature.

How does inductive reasoning play a role in qualitative research writing?

Inductive reasoning in qualitative research writing involves deriving general conclusions from specific observations or data. Researchers start with specific phenomena or cases and build broader conclusions, often leading to theory-building based on empirical evidence.

What is the significance of having logical and authoritative paragraphs in qualitative research?

Logical and authoritative paragraphs are critical in qualitative research as they ensure clarity, rationality, and credibility. Well-structured and logically sound arguments help the reader understand the researcher’s findings and conclusions, making the work more impactful and persuasive.