Paradigma Penelitian Kualitatif: Karakteristik dan Metode

Summary

This session discusses qualitative research paradigms, emphasizing its aim to understand social phenomena from participants' perspectives. It distinguishes between etic (researcher’s viewpoint) and emic (participant's viewpoint) approaches. The characteristics of qualitative research, such as its focus on soft sciences, holistic perspectives, and the development of theory rather than testing it, are outlined. Various qualitative methods, including ethnography and phenomenology, are introduced, highlighting their relevance in social contexts. The session concludes with a call for deeper exploration into qualitative research techniques in future discussions.

Takeaways

• 😀 Qualitative research aims to understand social phenomena from the participants' perspectives.
• 📚 There are various definitions of qualitative research, but they generally emphasize the exploration of natural conditions and meanings.
• 🔍 The approach focuses on 'emic' perspectives, prioritizing the views of those being studied over the researchers' viewpoints.
• 🌐 Qualitative research is primarily used in social sciences but can also apply to natural sciences.
• 🧩 Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research seeks to develop theories rather than test existing ones.
• 📝 Data in qualitative research is often descriptive and subjective, involving observations, interviews, and documentation.
• 🔄 Findings in qualitative research are not always generalizable, as they often focus on specific contexts and settings.
• 📊 The methods of qualitative research can be categorized into interactive and non-interactive approaches.
• 🏛️ Interactive methods include ethnography, phenomenology, and case studies, while non-interactive methods rely on literature and historical analysis.
• 🔎 The goal of qualitative research is to uncover underlying meanings and theories related to social phenomena.

Q & A

What is qualitative research primarily aimed at understanding?

Qualitative research is aimed at understanding social phenomena from the perspectives of the participants involved.

What are the two perspectives discussed in qualitative research?

The two perspectives are etic, which is the researcher's viewpoint, and emic, which is the perspective of the subjects being studied.

How does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?

Qualitative research focuses on building theories and understanding meanings, while quantitative research typically tests existing theories through statistical methods.

What characterizes the subjects of qualitative research?

Qualitative research often focuses on 'soft' subjects such as human thoughts, behaviors, and cultural practices rather than 'hard' sciences.

What is the significance of the term 'naturalistic' in qualitative research?

Naturalistic refers to observing and describing phenomena as they exist in real-life settings, without the researcher's biases influencing the data collection.

What are the common data collection methods used in qualitative research?

Common methods include observations, interviews, and document analysis.

What is the role of theory in qualitative research?

In qualitative research, theories are used as frameworks that can evolve based on findings from the field, rather than being strictly tested.

What distinguishes interactive methods from non-interactive methods in qualitative research?

Interactive methods involve direct engagement with subjects, while non-interactive methods involve literature reviews or historical analysis without direct field interaction.

Can findings from qualitative research be generalized to wider populations?

Generally, findings from qualitative research are not easily generalizable, as they are often context-specific and based on local insights.

What is the ultimate goal of qualitative research?

The ultimate goal of qualitative research is to uncover and understand the meanings and reasons behind social phenomena.