KARAKTERISTIK PENELITIAN KUALITATIF | METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

Summary

In this video, Stephanie Homena delves into qualitative research, explaining its various models and objectives. She outlines key characteristics such as its naturalistic setting, reliance on human observation, and inductive data analysis. The video covers 14 distinct traits of qualitative research, from purposive sampling and the use of unspoken knowledge, to grounded theory and flexible research designs. The goal is to provide an in-depth understanding of how qualitative research captures real-world phenomena and uses the researcher’s insights to generate theories, ultimately stressing the importance of context, interpretation, and credibility in the research process.

Takeaways

• 😀 Qualitative research involves naturalistic inquiry and is often used to study social phenomena through methods like ethnography and case studies.
• 😀 The research is based on observation in natural settings, where data is collected from real-world contexts rather than controlled environments.
• 😀 Researchers in qualitative studies play a vital role as the main instruments, with their ability to interpret and analyze the data being crucial to the study's success.
• 😀 Qualitative research uncovers tacit knowledge, revealing aspects that may not be easily expressed by participants, enriching the research insights.
• 😀 Data analysis in qualitative research is inductive, starting with specific observations and leading to broader theories or patterns.
• 😀 Grounded theory is a key method in qualitative research, where theories are generated from the data rather than tested against existing theories.
• 😀 The design of qualitative research is flexible and continuously adjusted based on findings from the field, as real-world data can be unpredictable.
• 😀 Case studies in qualitative research focus on in-depth exploration of specific events, individuals, or groups to understand larger societal patterns.
• 😀 The research process in qualitative studies is often iterative, requiring continuous refinement as new data and insights emerge during the study.
• 😀 Validity in qualitative research is enhanced by involving participants in the interpretation of results, ensuring the research findings are accurate and reflective of real-world phenomena.
• 😀 Qualitative research relies on purposive sampling, where participants are selected based on specific criteria relevant to the study's goals, rather than random sampling.

Q & A

What is qualitative research and what are its main characteristics?

Qualitative research is a method that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words, and observable behaviors. Its main characteristics include a natural context, human as the main instrument for data collection, and an inductive approach to data analysis. It often uses methods like ethnography, case studies, and descriptive studies to explore social phenomena.

What does 'natural setting' mean in qualitative research?

'Natural setting' refers to conducting research in a natural or real-life environment, rather than in a controlled or artificial setting. It involves methods like time sampling, situation sampling, and event sampling to observe behaviors in different contexts and over different time periods.

How does human observation play a role in qualitative research?

In qualitative research, humans serve as the primary instrument for data collection. The researcher’s ability to observe, interpret, and empathize with the subjects is essential. This sensitivity helps uncover hidden meanings and insights that may not be immediately apparent, and it adds depth to the findings.

What is the role of 'tacit knowledge' in qualitative research?

Tacit knowledge refers to information or insights that are difficult to express or articulate but can be uncovered through qualitative research. It allows researchers to explore aspects of human behavior or experiences that are not explicitly stated by respondents, enriching the research with deeper understanding.

What is the significance of purposive sampling in qualitative research?

Purposive sampling involves selecting participants or cases that specifically align with the research objectives. This ensures that the sample is meaningful and relevant to the research question, unlike random sampling, which may not provide the necessary depth or focus for qualitative studies.

How does inductive data analysis work in qualitative research?

Inductive analysis begins with specific observations or phenomena and works upwards towards general conclusions or theories. Researchers analyze data in a way that patterns or trends emerge from the data itself, rather than starting with a hypothesis. This approach is flexible and responsive to the data collected.

What is grounded theory and how is it used in qualitative research?

Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that develops theories from data rather than testing pre-existing theories. Researchers collect data and analyze it to generate new theoretical insights grounded in the data itself, which makes it a highly inductive approach.

Why is the design of qualitative research considered temporary?

Qualitative research designs are considered temporary because they are continuously adjusted based on real-world observations and the evolving nature of the phenomena being studied. The researcher must remain flexible and adaptable as new data or insights emerge during the study.

What does it mean for a qualitative research study to be 'context-focused'?

Being context-focused means that qualitative research emphasizes understanding the unique circumstances or background of the subject being studied. Data is analyzed with an understanding of the specific context in which it occurs, as different situations can lead to different outcomes.

How is trustworthiness assessed in qualitative research?

Trustworthiness in qualitative research is assessed through four criteria: credibility (the researcher’s ability to be trusted), transferability (how findings can be applied to other contexts), dependability (the consistency of findings), and confirmability (whether findings are supported by the data and can be verified by others).