[TEKNIK INDUSTRI - EPSK1 - 5] WORK FACTOR

Summary

In this lecture on ergonomics and time measurement, the focus is on predetermined time systems (PTS), particularly the Factor Method. This method is used to determine the standard time for work tasks based on factors like body parts used, distance traveled, control needs, and load encountered. The Factor Method provides a faster, cost-effective way to analyze work efficiency. The lecture includes detailed examples and calculations, showing how to apply tables to estimate the time needed for various tasks, optimizing work processes and improving productivity in industrial settings.

Takeaways

• 😀 Predetermined Time Systems (PTS) offer benefits in speed and cost-efficiency compared to other time measurement methods.
• 😀 Data for time measurement can be sourced from various methods like time standard data or motion time data, which helps determine standard time before the work operation even begins.
• 😀 Time measurement based on human body movement is known as 'motion time data', and it provides insights into the time taken by body parts during specific tasks.
• 😀 'Therbligs' are basic motion elements that form the foundation for motion time data analysis.
• 😀 The main advantage of using motion time data is that it allows for estimating standard time before the task begins, particularly useful in work design phases.
• 😀 Methods used within Predetermined Time Systems include Factor, Mouse, MTMB 1-3, MTMC, MTPB, and 4M, each offering different approaches to time measurement.
• 😀 The Factor method is one of the earliest and widely applied methods, identifying movement based on the body parts involved in the action.
• 😀 The Factor method evaluates four primary variables that impact movement time: body parts used, distance moved, manual control requirements, and resistance or load factors.
• 😀 The method uses a table of time units to assess time based on factors like distance moved and load resistance, with the units expressed as fractions of a minute.
• 😀 The use of specific symbols in the Factor method helps categorize movements, for example, 'A10' represents an arm movement covering 10 inches.
• 😀 Examples demonstrate how to read the Factor method table to calculate movement times by factoring in variables like load and direction control.

Q & A

What is the main advantage of using Predetermined Time Systems (PTS)?

The main advantage of using Predetermined Time Systems (PTS) is that it is faster and more cost-effective compared to traditional time studies.

How does the Factor Method help in analyzing work motions?

The Factor Method helps in analyzing work motions by identifying which body part is involved, the distance moved, manual control requirements, and load resistance, which are all factors that influence the time required for a specific task.

What are the four main variables that the Factor Method considers in its analysis?

The four main variables in the Factor Method are the body part used, distance moved, manual control requirements, and load resistance or hindrances.

What is the significance of the table in the Factor Method?

The table in the Factor Method provides a reference for looking up time values required for various movements based on the distance traveled and the body part used. It also accounts for additional factors like load and stopping conditions.

How is time measured in the Factor Method?

Time in the Factor Method is measured in tim units, which are one ten-thousandth of a minute (0.0001 minutes).

What does the symbol 'A' represent in the Factor Method notation?

'A' represents the arm as the body part performing the motion in the Factor Method notation.

How does the Factor Method handle additional factors like load resistance?

The Factor Method includes additional factors such as load resistance by assigning specific symbols and time adjustments based on the weight or resistance that affects the movement. For example, 'W' may indicate weight resistance.

What is the meaning of 'definit stop' in the Factor Method, and how does it affect time calculations?

A 'definit stop' refers to a stop in the motion, which is considered as one of the factors that can increase the time required for completing the task. It is included in the time calculation to adjust for the delay caused by the stop.

Can the Factor Method be used to estimate time before a work operation starts?

Yes, the Factor Method can be used to estimate the time required for a task before it starts, as long as the movement pattern is known, allowing for time prediction during the work design phase.

What are the key steps in using the Factor Method's table for time calculation?

The key steps include identifying the body part involved, determining the distance moved, checking if there are any load resistance factors, and then looking up the corresponding time value in the table for the specific motion and factors involved.