Masa Orde Baru: Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri dan Ekonomi pada Pemerintahan Orde Baru | Part 2

Summary

This video provides an in-depth exploration of Indonesia's 'Orde Baru' (New Order) era, focusing on its foreign and economic policies. Under the leadership of President Suharto, the government sought to restore a 'free and active' foreign policy by normalizing relations with Malaysia, rejoining the UN, and founding ASEAN. In the economic sphere, the focus was on agricultural self-sufficiency, especially in rice production, with significant investments in agricultural reforms and foreign loans. The era also saw the implementation of five-year development plans and a strategic approach to modernizing the economy. The video offers insights into the policies that shaped Indonesia during this transformative period.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia's foreign policy during the New Order aimed to restore the country's active and independent position in international relations.
• 😀 A major step in foreign policy was normalizing relations with Malaysia in 1966, after Indonesia's previous conflict with the country during the Guided Democracy era.
• 😀 In 1967, Indonesia rejoined the United Nations (UN) after leaving it in 1965, reaffirming its policy of independence and active participation in global diplomacy.
• 😀 Indonesia was a founding member of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) in 1967, alongside Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines, to strengthen regional cooperation.
• 😀 Indonesia also became involved in regional and international organizations such as OPEC, APEC, and the OIC, expanding its global influence.
• 😀 As part of its commitment to peace, Indonesia sent peacekeeping forces (Garuda) to conflict zones like Vietnam, Cambodia, Bosnia, and the Middle East from 1973 to 1997.
• 😀 Indonesia's foreign policy also focused on peacebuilding, such as the Jakarta Informal Meeting (JIM) in 1988-1989 to address conflicts in Indochina.
• 😀 Domestically, Indonesia's economic policy under the New Order emphasized agricultural development, particularly self-sufficiency in rice production.
• 😀 Key economic policies included the formation of the IGGI (Inter-Governmental Group on Indonesia) in 1967 to provide financial aid, later replaced by CGI (Consultative Group on Indonesia).
• 😀 The New Order's economic strategy also included the Panca Usaha Tani program, aimed at achieving rice self-sufficiency through improved farming techniques like high-quality seeds, pest control, and proper irrigation.

Q & A

What was the primary goal of Indonesia's foreign policy during the New Order period?

The primary goal of Indonesia's foreign policy during the New Order period was to implement an independent and active foreign policy, where Indonesia could establish relations with any country regardless of ideology and actively contribute to global peace.

What were the first steps taken by the New Order government in terms of foreign relations?

The first steps taken by the New Order government in foreign relations included normalizing relations with Malaysia in August 1966 and rejoining the United Nations in September 1966 after Indonesia's withdrawal in 1965.

How did Indonesia contribute to the formation of ASEAN?

Indonesia played a key role in the formation of ASEAN by being one of the five founding members, along with Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines. This was formalized through the Bangkok Declaration on August 8, 1967.

What were the main objectives of ASEAN at its inception?

The main objectives of ASEAN at its inception were to strengthen cooperation among Southeast Asian nations, particularly in the fields of economy, social, and cultural development.

What was the significance of Indonesia's involvement in international organizations like OPEC, APEC, and OIC?

Indonesia's involvement in international organizations like OPEC, APEC, and OIC allowed it to strengthen its diplomatic ties, promote economic cooperation, and advocate for the interests of developing and Islamic countries.

What was the role of Indonesia's 'Garuda' peacekeeping forces?

The 'Garuda' peacekeeping forces were sent by Indonesia to various conflict zones, including Vietnam, Cambodia, Bosnia, and the Middle East, from 1973 to 1997, to support peacekeeping efforts and uphold Indonesia's active participation in global peacekeeping.

What was the Jakarta Informal Meeting (JIM) and its purpose?

The Jakarta Informal Meeting (JIM) was a peace initiative launched by Indonesia in 1988 and 1989 aimed at resolving conflicts in the Indochina region. It was a diplomatic effort to stabilize Southeast Asia and prevent the escalation of regional conflicts.

What was the concept of 'Trilogi Pembangunan' during the New Order period?

The 'Trilogi Pembangunan' (Trilogy of Development) was a long-term development concept that focused on achieving three main goals: high economic growth, dynamic national stability, and equitable distribution of development results.

What was the main focus of Indonesia's economic policies during the New Order period?

The main focus of Indonesia's economic policies during the New Order period was on agricultural development, particularly achieving self-sufficiency in rice production, as agriculture was the backbone of the Indonesian economy at the time.

How did Indonesia achieve rice self-sufficiency during the New Order?

Indonesia achieved rice self-sufficiency by implementing the 'Panca Usaha Tani' program, which included using superior seeds, controlling pests, improving land cultivation, and enhancing irrigation. Additionally, policies like intensification and extensification of farming contributed to increasing agricultural productivity.