How Computer Works ? Complete Beginners Guide.

Summary

This tutorial provides an introduction to how computers work, aimed at absolute beginners. It explains the fundamental concepts of hardware and software, highlighting components like input devices, the CPU, memory, and output devices. The video covers the essential role of the operating system in managing computer operations and dives into the booting process, where BIOS activates and loads the main OS. The process of executing software, including data handling, memory use, and interaction with the user, is also explored. Finally, it touches on shutting down the system and saving data. A comprehensive guide to understanding computer functionality.

Takeaways

• 😀 A computer is an electronic device made up of hardware and software components that work together to perform tasks.
• 😀 The computer performs tasks based on instructions from software, which directs the hardware to execute operations.
• 😀 The binary code (zeros and ones) is the language that computers understand, while high-level programming languages are converted into binary code for execution.
• 😀 The main hardware components of a computer are input devices, the central processing unit (CPU), memory unit, and output devices.
• 😀 An operating system (OS) is essential software that allows the computer to operate and interact with hardware components.
• 😀 Application software (apps) are programs designed to perform specific tasks for the user, like document creation or gaming.
• 😀 The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a firmware that initializes the computer's hardware during startup and loads the operating system.
• 😀 Booting is the process of loading the operating system into the computer's memory so the user can start interacting with the system.
• 😀 The CPU processes data by executing instructions in a cycle of fetch, decode, and execute, which drives program execution.
• 😀 The CPU also handles input from devices like keyboards and mice, processes the data, and outputs the result through devices like monitors or printers.
• 😀 When the user shuts down the computer, the operating system terminates all processes and stores data in permanent memory for future use.

Q & A

What are the two main components of a computer system?

The two main components of a computer system are hardware and software. Hardware includes physical components, while software consists of programs and instructions that direct the hardware.

What role does the BIOS play in the booting process?

The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) plays a crucial role in the booting process. It performs a Power-On Self Test (POST), initializes hardware, searches and loads the main operating system, and hands over control to the operating system.

What is the function of an operating system in a computer?

An operating system is a type of system software that manages hardware and software resources. It is essential for the computer to function, handling tasks such as memory management, input/output operations, and program execution.

Can you explain the difference between primary memory and secondary memory?

Primary memory, also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), is temporary storage that the computer uses to store data and programs actively in use. Secondary memory, such as a hard drive or SSD, provides long-term storage for data and programs.

What is the function of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) in a computer?

The CPU is the brain of the computer. It retrieves, decodes, and executes instructions from programs. It processes data and controls other hardware components, performing the key tasks that allow the computer to function.

What is the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle in computer operations?

The Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle is the process by which the CPU retrieves an instruction from memory, decodes it to understand what action to perform, and then executes the instruction. This cycle repeats continuously during program execution.

What are application software and give an example?

Application software refers to programs designed to perform specific tasks for the user. Examples include Microsoft Word for document creation and video games, which are also types of application software.

What happens when a user shuts down the computer?

When a user shuts down the computer, the operating system terminates all active processes and saves any necessary data to the permanent memory. After that, the power supply is safely turned off.

How does a computer process input data from the user?

The computer processes input data through input devices such as a keyboard or mouse. The operating system and CPU work together to interpret the input, execute commands, and provide output to the user via output devices like a monitor or printer.

What is the purpose of application software in relation to hardware?

Application software provides specific functionality to the user, such as word processing or gaming. It works by sending instructions to the hardware components, which then perform the tasks required to deliver the desired functionality.