Sejarah Singkat Kerajaan Mataram Kuno

Summary

The video explores the history of the ancient Mataram Kingdom in Java, focusing on its rise, key dynasties, and cultural achievements. Established in the 8th century under the Sanjaya dynasty, Mataram thrived as a Hindu kingdom before shifting to Buddhism under the Syailendra dynasty. The kingdom expanded its influence, reaching the Malayan Peninsula and even defeating Chenla in Cambodia. Notable accomplishments include the construction of Borobudur. The video also touches on the kingdom's eventual decline, influenced by volcanic eruptions and attacks, which led to its relocation to East Java. Key historical landmarks like Candi Borobudur and Prambanan are highlighted.

Takeaways

• 😀 The ancient Mataram Kingdom is believed to have been established in the area around Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
• 😀 The Mataram Kingdom had strong ties with the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Java.
• 😀 The kingdom is also known as the Mataram Hindu Kingdom or the Medang Kingdom.
• 😀 The kingdom was founded by the Sanjaya dynasty under Rakai Mataram in 732 CE.
• 😀 Mataram Kuno ruled Java from the 8th to the 11th century, with three main dynasties: Sanjaya, Syailendra, and Isyana.
• 😀 The capital of the kingdom was initially located in Central Java, during the rule of the Sanjaya and Syailendra dynasties.
• 😀 During the Sanjaya dynasty, Mataram was a Hindu kingdom with significant influence, while the Syailendra dynasty governed a Buddhist kingdom in the southern part of Central Java.
• 😀 Under the Syailendra dynasty, Mataram reached its peak, expanding its influence to the Malay Peninsula and defeating Chenla in Cambodia.
• 😀 The Syailendra dynasty also oversaw the construction of the iconic Borobudur Temple.
• 😀 The two dynasties, Sanjaya and Syailendra, eventually reunited through the marriage of Rakai Pikatan and Pramuda Wardani.
• 😀 During the Isyana dynasty, under Mpu Sindok, the capital moved to East Java due to various factors, including volcanic eruptions, power struggles, and economic difficulties.
• 😀 The historical remnants of the Mataram Kingdom include inscriptions and temples, such as Prasasti Canggal, Kalasan, Balitung, and the famous Borobudur and Prambanan Temples.

Q & A

When was the ancient Mataram Kingdom founded?

The ancient Mataram Kingdom was established in 732 AD under the leadership of Rakai Mataram.

Which dynasties ruled the ancient Mataram Kingdom?

The ancient Mataram Kingdom was ruled by three main dynasties: the Sanjaya Dynasty, the Syailendra Dynasty, and the Isyana Dynasty.

What was the initial location of the Mataram Kingdom's capital?

The initial capital of the Mataram Kingdom was located in Central Java, which was the heart of the kingdom during the Sanjaya and Syailendra dynasties.

How did the kingdom's division occur during the reign of the Sanjaya Dynasty?

During the reign of the Sanjaya Dynasty, the Mataram Kingdom was divided into two regions: the northern part, influenced by Hinduism, and the southern part, ruled by the Syailendra Dynasty with a Buddhist influence.

Which period marked the peak of the Mataram Kingdom's influence?

The Mataram Kingdom reached its peak during the reign of King Sri Dharma Tungga, whose leadership expanded the kingdom's influence to the Malay Peninsula.

What significant achievement occurred under the Syailendra Dynasty?

Under the Syailendra Dynasty, the Mataram Kingdom achieved significant cultural advancements, including the construction of the Borobudur Temple during the reign of King Samaratungga.

What led to the reunification of the Sanjaya and Syailendra dynasties?

The Sanjaya and Syailendra dynasties were reunited through the marriage of Rakai Pikatan and Pramuda Wardani.

Why did the capital of the Mataram Kingdom shift to East Java?

The capital of the Mataram Kingdom moved to East Java due to factors like the eruption of Mount Merapi, internal power struggles, attacks from the Srivijaya Kingdom, and economic difficulties.

What major cultural and architectural contributions did the ancient Mataram Kingdom leave behind?

The ancient Mataram Kingdom is known for monumental contributions to architecture, including the construction of temples such as Borobudur, Mendut, Plaosan, and Prambanan.

What are some key inscriptions from the Mataram Kingdom that have been discovered?

Some of the important inscriptions from the Mataram Kingdom include Prasasti Canggal, Prasasti Kalasan, Prasasti Balitung, and Prasasti Kelurak.