Kerajaan Kalingga - Kerajaan Tertua Di Jawa

Summary

This video delves into the history of the ancient Kalingga Kingdom, located in Eastern Java, and its relations with other regional powers like Taruma Negara, Srivijaya, and the Indian subcontinent. It explores Kalingga's rise, division, and eventual absorption into the Medang and Mataram Kingdoms. The story includes the influence of Hindu and Buddhist dynasties, key historical figures, and the migration patterns that shaped the region. Key moments include the kingdom's military conflicts, internal divisions, and its transformation into the later Medang and Kediri kingdoms, setting the stage for the emergence of Majapahit.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kalingga Kingdom, located in eastern Java, was founded around the 6th century AD and coexisted with the Tarumanegara Kingdom in the west.
• 😀 Chinese historical records from the 7th century referred to Java as 'Holing,' linking it to the Kalingga Kingdom instead of Tarumanegara.
• 😀 The Kalingga Kingdom's peak was during the 6th to 8th centuries, but it eventually declined due to internal struggles and the rise of other powers like Sriwijaya.
• 😀 Sriwijaya launched military expeditions into Java in the late 7th century, but Kalingga's decline was more due to weakened trade dominance rather than just military defeat.
• 😀 After the fall of Tarumanegara, Kalingga became one of the last dominant kingdoms in Java, eventually splitting into two regions: Kalingga North and Kalingga South.
• 😀 The Kalingga Kingdom in Java was influenced by the Indian Kalingga Kingdom (modern Odisha), with migration to Java after the Indian kingdom was conquered by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC.
• 😀 The decline of Kalingga was also marked by its weakening trade position in the wider Southeast Asian region, particularly after Sriwijaya took control of key trade routes.
• 😀 Key figures in the Kalingga Kingdom included Wisumurti, the first king, and Kartikeya Singha, the second king, who played a significant role in consolidating power.
• 😀 Maharani Shima, the wife of Kartikeya Singha, succeeded him as queen and later divided the kingdom between her two children, Dewi Parwati (North) and Narayana (South).
• 😀 The kingdom later evolved into the Medang Kingdom, which eventually split into Janggala and Kediri, continuing the legacy of Kalingga until the rise of the Majapahit Empire.
• 😀 The story of Kalingga is marked by its interactions with other Southeast Asian kingdoms like Sriwijaya and the influence of Indian culture, including the Hindu and Buddhist traditions.
• 😀 The historical region of Kalingga in Java, particularly in Central Java, played a significant role in the formation of subsequent Javanese kingdoms, such as Singosari and Majapahit.

Q & A

What happened to the name 'Taruma Negara' in Chinese records by the 7th century?

By the 7th century, Chinese expedition reports stopped referring to the island of Java as 'Taruma Negara' and instead called it 'Holing,' referring to the Kalingga Kingdom in the eastern part of Java.

When was the Kalingga Kingdom founded, and when did its prominence decline?

The Kalingga Kingdom is believed to have been founded around the 6th century CE, and its decline began around the 8th century CE.

What caused the weakening of Kalingga and Taruma Negara?

The weakening of both kingdoms occurred not only due to military invasions but also because of a decline in trade dominance, which led to their diminished influence in the Nusantara region.

What was the relationship between the fall of Kalingga and the rise of the Medang Mataram Kingdom?

After the decline of Kalingga, the kingdom split into northern and southern regions. Eventually, these regions merged and gave rise to the Medang Mataram Kingdom, which continued the legacy of Kalingga.

What role did the Srivijaya Kingdom play in the decline of Kalingga?

Srivijaya, after its victories over other kingdoms, including Melayu and Kalingga, became a dominant power in the region, overshadowing Kalingga's control over trade and influence.

What was the significance of the royal family of Kalingga in the region's political landscape?

The royal family of Kalingga played a crucial role in both local and regional politics, with rulers like Kartikeya Singha and Maharani Shima helping establish connections with other powers, including the Srivijaya Kingdom.

What was the connection between the Kalingga Kingdom in Java and the Kalingga Kingdom in southern India?

The Kalingga Kingdom in Java had ties to the Kalingga Kingdom in southern India, particularly through migration following invasions by the Indian king Ashoka, which led to the establishment of Kalingga in Java.

How did the kingdom of Kalingga divide into two regions?

Around the 7th century CE, the Kalingga Kingdom split into Kalingga North and Kalingga South. This division eventually led to the establishment of different dynasties and centers of power in Java.

What caused the shift of the Kalingga South's capital to Warugasik in East Java?

The capital of Kalingga South was moved to Warugasik, likely due to strategic reasons, including the expansion of influence in East Java and internal political changes.

How did the Kalingga Kingdom eventually evolve into the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan?

The Kingdom of Kalingga South eventually became known as the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan after the capital was moved to Kanjuruhan by Gajayana, marking a shift in power and regional identity.