KERAJAAN MATARAM KUNO (MATARAM HINDU-BUDHA)

Summary

This educational video explores the history of the Mataram Kuno Kingdom in Indonesia, focusing on its Hindu-Buddhist heritage. It delves into the reigns of the Sanjaya and Sailendra dynasties, highlighting key events, rulers, and cultural legacies such as the construction of iconic temples like Borobudur and Dieng. The video also discusses the political dynamics, including the unification efforts through royal marriages, and the eventual decline of the kingdom. With an emphasis on religious tolerance and the kingdom's agrarian society, the video offers valuable insights into Indonesia's rich historical and cultural heritage.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Mataram Kingdom in Indonesia developed during the Hindu-Buddhist era, with significant historical and cultural contributions.
• 😀 The kingdom is historically significant due to its religious and cultural developments, particularly through the reign of the Sanjaya and Sailendra dynasties.
• 😀 The discovery of the Canggal Inscription from 732 AD marks an important milestone in understanding Mataram's early history.
• 😀 The kingdom's location remains debated but is thought to be near various mountains and rivers, including Merapi, Merbabu, and the southern seas.
• 😀 The Sanjaya dynasty, ruling from 717 to 780 AD, was predominantly Hindu, while the Sailendra dynasty was Buddhist, leading to a cultural blend in the region.
• 😀 The Prasasti Canggal inscription mentions Sanjaya's victory and the establishment of religious buildings, symbolizing his rule and achievements.
• 😀 The Sailendra dynasty promoted Buddhism, with notable temples like Candi Kalasan and Borobudur being built during their reign.
• 😀 Following internal divisions between Hindu and Buddhist factions, key architectural monuments such as the Dieng Complex and Borobudur emerged.
• 😀 The Mataram Kingdom underwent political turmoil after the reign of King Balitung, including threats from the Srivijaya Kingdom and frequent natural disasters.
• 😀 The society of Mataram was agrarian, with a strong emphasis on agriculture, underpinned by a governance system led by a king seen as a divine ruler.
• 😀 The legacy of the Mataram Kingdom includes religious tolerance and cooperation, as evidenced by the construction of both Hindu and Buddhist temples.
• 😀 The kingdom's decline began after King Balitung's death, with subsequent rulers facing challenges that led to its eventual downfall.

Q & A

What is the focus of the video on the Kingdom of Mataram Kuno?

The video focuses on the development of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Indonesia, particularly the Kingdom of Mataram Kuno. It covers the history, governance, society, and cultural heritage of this kingdom.

What is the significance of the Canggal inscription?

The Canggal inscription, dated 732 AD, is significant because it marks the discovery of the Kingdom of Mataram Kuno. It provides historical evidence of the kingdom's existence and the use of Pallava script in the region.

What are the geographical features that defined the Kingdom of Mataram Kuno's location?

The kingdom was located in an area surrounded by mountains and rivers, including Mount Serayu to the west, Mount Lawu to the east, Mount Merapi and Merbabu to the north, and close to the southern sea with the presence of several rivers like the Bogowonto, Progo, and Bengawan Solo.

What role did King Sanjaya play in the history of Mataram Kuno?

King Sanjaya was instrumental in the rise of Mataram Kuno. He succeeded the previous king, defeated smaller rival rulers, and established the Hindu Sanjaya dynasty. He also built a sacred structure in Mount Wukir as a symbol of his conquest.

What are the two main dynasties that ruled Mataram Kuno, and what were their religious affiliations?

The two main dynasties in Mataram Kuno were the Sanjaya Dynasty, which followed Hinduism, and the Sailendra Dynasty, which adhered to Buddhism. These dynasties influenced the culture and architecture of the kingdom.

How did the Sailendra Dynasty contribute to Buddhist culture in Mataram Kuno?

The Sailendra Dynasty, under rulers like Rakai Panangkaran, promoted Buddhism by constructing significant Buddhist temples like Candi Kalasan and the famous Borobudur. The dynasty's rule contributed to the spread of Mahayana Buddhism in the region.

What is the historical importance of Candi Borobudur?

Candi Borobudur is one of the most famous Buddhist temples in the world, built during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty. It serves as a major cultural and religious landmark, symbolizing the kingdom's devotion to Buddhism.

What led to the division between the Hindu and Buddhist factions within Mataram Kuno?

The division occurred after the reign of Rakai Panangkaran when the Hindu Sanjaya family controlled the northern part of Java and built Hindu temples like Candi Dieng, while the Buddhist Sailendra family governed the southern part, leading to the construction of Buddhist temples like Candi Borobudur.

How did the marriage between Rakai Pikatan and Pramwardhani affect the political landscape of Mataram Kuno?

The marriage between Rakai Pikatan, a Hindu ruler, and Pramwardhani, a Buddhist princess, united the previously divided Hindu and Buddhist factions of Mataram Kuno. This marriage played a role in consolidating power and stabilizing the kingdom for a period.

What factors contributed to the decline of Mataram Kuno?

The decline of Mataram Kuno was due to several factors, including frequent natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, and external threats from the Sriwijaya Kingdom. After the reign of King Balitung, the kingdom faced a gradual decline, leading to its eventual downfall.