Determinismo - Brasil Escola

Summary

In this video, Francisco Porfírio, a philosophy professor, explores the concept of determinism, which suggests that human actions are influenced or predetermined by external factors. He covers various types of determinism such as fatalism, pre-determinism, post-determinism, and co-determinism. Using the Greek tragedy 'Édipo Rei,' he illustrates how the hero’s fate is sealed despite his attempts to escape it. The discussion extends to genetic and social determinism, as well as contrasting ideas like indeterminism and the views of Jean-Paul Sartre. The video also touches on the dilemma of God's omniscience and free will, concluding with a look at compatibilism.

Takeaways

• 😀 Determinism refers to the concept that actions are influenced or determined by external factors.
• 😀 The term 'determinism' comes from the Latin word 'determinare', meaning to limit or define something externally.
• 😀 Fatalism is an extreme form of determinism, where fate is unavoidable, as seen in Greek tragedies like Sophocles' 'Oedipus Rex'.
• 😀 In 'Oedipus Rex', Oedipus tries to escape his prophesied fate but ultimately fulfills it, showing the inescapability of destiny in fatalism.
• 😀 Three types of determinism are presented: pre-determinism (actions determined before they happen), post-determinism (actions determined by consequences), and co-determinism (a complex web of actions influencing each other).
• 😀 Co-determinism suggests that human actions are interconnected, with no clear prediction of outcomes due to the influence of various agents.
• 😀 Genetic determinism suggests that genetics influence human actions and traits, affecting individuals' lives and behaviors.
• 😀 Environmental determinism, proposed by Joseph Hsel, argues that geography and physical surroundings can determine a person's behavior and life path.
• 😀 Social determinism posits that society, politics, and economy play a significant role in shaping individuals' actions and behavior.
• 😀 The theory of indeterminism counters determinism by emphasizing absolute human freedom, as argued by existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.
• 😀 The concept of God's omniscience and omnipotence presents a dilemma for determinism, leading to the Christian-compatible theory of compatibilism, where free will coexists with divine influence.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?

The main topic of the video script is determinism, its different concepts, and its implications in philosophy, particularly related to moral philosophy and freedom.

What is the origin of the word 'determinism'?

The word 'determinism' originates from the Latin word 'determinare', which means to end or limit something, implying the existence of external factors that influence or determine actions.

What is the relationship between determinism and external factors?

Determinism suggests that human actions can be influenced or determined by external factors such as other people's actions, social, geographical, or even genetic circumstances.

How is fatalism connected to determinism?

Fatalism is an extreme form of determinism seen in Greek tragedies, where a character attempts to escape their destiny but inevitably falls into it, as seen in the example of Oedipus in Sophocles' play.

How does the concept of pre-determinism differ from post-determinism?

Pre-determinism refers to factors or events that occur before a person's action, determining their behavior. Post-determinism, on the other hand, involves factors that occur after an action, such as rewards or consequences that influence future actions.

What is co-determinism, and how is it related to chaos theory?

Co-determinism refers to the idea that actions are influenced by a complex network of interactions among various agents, creating unpredictable outcomes. It aligns with chaos theory, which states that such systems are too complex to predict with certainty.

What role does genetics play in determinism?

Genetic determinism suggests that a person's genetic makeup can influence their actions, predispositions, and physical development, thus playing a role in determining aspects of their life.

How does the environment affect determinism?

Geographic determinism posits that the physical environment a person lives in can shape their behavior, personality, and life choices, as described by geographer Joseph Hessel.

What is social determinism, and how does it affect individuals?

Social determinism suggests that a person's behavior and actions are influenced by their social environment, including political, economic, and cultural factors. For example, violent societies may produce more violent individuals.

How does Jean-Paul Sartre's philosophy challenge determinism?

Jean-Paul Sartre, an existentialist philosopher, rejects determinism and advocates for radical freedom, asserting that humans are condemned to be free and are responsible for their choices without external determination.