CNU | Morfologia - [Professor Noslen] #professornoslen #cnu2024

Summary

In this educational video, the professor explains key concepts of morphology, focusing on word structure and formation for a Brazilian National Unified Exam. The lesson covers word roots, thematic vowels, affixes, and the formation of words through derivation and composition. The professor also explains flexions, like verb conjugations and noun gender/number changes. Additionally, he introduces vowel and consonant linking for smoother pronunciation in compound words. Throughout, the focus is on practical examples and preparation for the exam, with references to detailed materials available for further study.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video focuses on helping students prepare for the Concurso Nacional Unificado (CNU) exam, specifically addressing the Portuguese language section for high school.
• 😀 The concept of 'morphology' is introduced, which is the study of the structure of words and how they are formed.
• 😀 Words in Portuguese are divided into morphemes, with the main one being the 'root' (radical), which remains unchanged when deriving new words.
• 😀 The 'root' (radical) of a word is the base that doesn't change, like 'cert' in the word 'certo'.
• 😀 A 'vowel theme' (vogal temática) is the vowel that connects the root to the endings in a word. For 'certo', the vowel 'o' is the vowel theme.
• 😀 Affixes are morphemes added to the root to form new words. Prefixes are added before the root, and suffixes are added after. Examples include 'acerto' (from 'certo' with prefix 'a') and 'certeza' (from 'certo' with suffix 'za').
• 😀 'Desinências' (endings) modify words to indicate flexion, such as number (singular/plural), gender (masculine/feminine), and verb conjugation (tense, person, mode).
• 😀 The video also explains word formation through two main processes: derivation (using one root to create new words) and composition (combining two or more roots to create new words).
• 😀 Derivation can involve adding prefixes and/or suffixes, while composition involves combining entire words, like 'guarda-sol' (sunshade) or 'passatempo' (pastime).
• 😀 'Linking vowels' and 'linking consonants' are explained as elements that facilitate pronunciation in certain words, such as the 'e' in 'marézia' or the 't' in 'cafeteira'.
• 😀 The professor encourages students to explore additional content and exercises on the website and share the video to help others prepare for the exam.

Q & A

What is morfology in the context of the Portuguese language?

Morfology refers to the study of the structure and formation of words in the Portuguese language. It involves understanding the components of words, such as the root, prefixes, suffixes, and other morphemes.

What is a radical in a word?

The radical is the base part of a word that doesn't change and forms the core meaning of the word. For example, in the word 'certo,' 'cert' is the radical.

What are vogal temática and how does it relate to the radical?

A vogal temática (thematic vowel) is a vowel that links the radical to the rest of the word. It connects the root with the other morphemes like affixes. In the example 'certo,' the 'o' is the vogal temática.

What is the difference between prefixos and sufixos?

Prefixos (prefixes) are added before the root word to modify its meaning, while sufixos (suffixes) are added after the root. For example, 'acerto' (correct) has the prefix 'a,' while 'certeza' (certainty) has the suffix 'za.'

What are desinências and how do they function?

Desinências are morphemes added to the end of words to show their grammatical properties, like tense, number, and person for verbs, or gender and number for nouns. For example, 'certos' (certain) uses 's' as a desinência to indicate plural.

What is a flexão and what types exist?

A flexão is a change in a word's form to indicate grammatical features such as number (singular/plural), person, tense, and mood for verbs. There are verbal flexions, indicating tense, and nominal flexions, indicating gender and number.

Can you explain word formation by derivation?

Word formation by derivation involves adding prefixes or suffixes to a root word to create a new word. For example, 'acerto' (correct) can be derived from 'certo' by adding the prefix 'a,' and 'certeza' (certainty) can be formed by adding the suffix 'za.'

What is word formation by composition?

Word formation by composition involves combining two or more roots to create a new word. Examples include 'guarda-sol' (umbrella) and 'passatempo' (pastime), where each compound word has two distinct roots.

What are vogal de ligação and consoante de ligação?

Vogal de ligação (vowel links) and consoante de ligação (consonant links) are vowels or consonants used in words to facilitate pronunciation. For example, in 'gasômetro' (gas meter), 'o' is a vowel link, and in 'cafeteira' (coffee maker), 't' is a consonant link.

How might these morphology concepts appear in an exam?

In exams, morphology can be tested by asking about the correct structure of words, identifying roots, prefixes, suffixes, or even testing whether invented words follow the rules of word formation. They may also ask students to correct errors in word usage based on morphological principles.