Prokaryotic cell Vs Eukaryotic cells|| Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

Summary

In this video, the creator explains the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the two main types of cells in living organisms. Prokaryotic cells, found in bacteria and archaea, are simpler, lack a nucleus, and are smaller in size, while eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, and fungi, are more complex, with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Key differences include cell size, shape, presence of flagella, DNA replication methods, and cellular structures like ribosomes and cell walls. The video offers a clear, concise comparison of these fundamental cell types.

Takeaways

• 😀 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two main types of cells found in living organisms.
• 😀 Prokaryotic cells are simple and are found in bacteria and archaea, while eukaryotic cells are more complex and found in plants, animals, and fungi.
• 😀 Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, and their DNA is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a double membrane.
• 😀 Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the Golgi apparatus, unlike prokaryotic cells.
• 😀 Prokaryotic cells are smaller (0.1 to 5 micrometers) compared to eukaryotic cells, which are larger (10 to 100 micrometers).
• 😀 Prokaryotic cells often have irregular shapes, while eukaryotic cells tend to have more defined shapes like round, oval, or rectangular.
• 😀 Prokaryotic cells often have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, while eukaryotic plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose or chitin.
• 😀 Flagella help prokaryotic cells move, and they can also be found in eukaryotic cells, though they are generally more complex in eukaryotes.
• 😀 Prokaryotic cells have pili, short hair-like structures used for attachment, while eukaryotic cells do not have pili.
• 😀 Prokaryotic cells replicate their DNA through binary fission, while eukaryotic cells replicate DNA through mitosis, and they can also reproduce sexually through meiosis.

Q & A

What are prokaryotic cells and where are they found?

Prokaryotic cells are the simplest type of cells and are found in bacteria and archaea.

How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are more complex and are found in all other living organisms, including plants, animals, and fungi, whereas prokaryotic cells are simpler and found in bacteria and archaea.

What is the key difference between the DNA structure in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells have DNA concentrated in a region called the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a membrane, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that is membrane-bound and contains the DNA organized into chromosomes.

Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles?

No, prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. Their components like DNA and ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm.

What are some examples of membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells?

Examples include the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.

How does the size of prokaryotic cells compare to eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are generally much smaller, ranging from 0.1 to 5 micrometers, while eukaryotic cells range from 10 to 100 micrometers.

What is a major structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are more irregular in shape and can be spherical, rod-shaped, spiral-shaped, or comma-shaped, while eukaryotic cells are more complex in shape and can be round, oval, or rectangular.

Do eukaryotic cells have a cell wall?

Eukaryotic cells generally do not have a cell wall, except for plant cells, which have a cellulose-based cell wall. In contrast, prokaryotic cells often have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

What is the role of flagella in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Flagella in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells help in movement. Prokaryotic flagella are typically longer, while eukaryotic flagella are shorter and more complex.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes, although both types of ribosomes serve the same function of protein synthesis.

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells replicate their DNA?

Prokaryotic cells replicate their DNA through binary fission, whereas eukaryotic cells replicate their DNA through mitosis.

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells reproduce?

Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually by binary fission, while eukaryotic cells can reproduce asexually through mitosis or sexually through meiosis.