PPT Sejarah Kerajaan Singasari

Summary

The Singhasari Kingdom, founded by Ken Arok in 1222 in East Java, was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that rose to prominence under King Kertanegara's reign from 1272 to 1292. Known for its territorial expansion and powerful trade routes, Singhasari controlled regions from Bali to Sumatra. Kertanegara aimed to unite the archipelago, initiating expeditions like Pamalayu. However, the kingdom faced internal conflicts and external pressures, particularly when expanding beyond Java. Despite its grandeur, Singhasari ultimately fell due to weakening defense and political turmoil, marking the end of its dominance.

Takeaways

• 😀 Singhasari Kingdom, also known as Tumapel, was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom located in East Java, Indonesia, founded by Ken Arok in 1222.
• 😀 Ken Arok was the first ruler of Singhasari, taking the title Sri Rajasa Batara Amurwabumi.
• 😀 The kingdom flourished during the reign of King Kertanegara (1272-1292), whose rule extended over Bali, Sunda, parts of Kalimantan, and Sumatra.
• 😀 Key historical sources of Singhasari include the Pararaton and Negarakertagama manuscripts, as well as various inscriptions.
• 😀 Ken Arok, originally a guard, assassinated Tunggul Ametung and married his wife Ken Dedes, eventually founding the kingdom of Tumapel, later known as Singhasari.
• 😀 The royal lineage of Singhasari included Ken Arok, Anusapati, Tohjaya, Wisnu Wardhana, and Kertanegara.
• 😀 Social life in Singhasari fluctuated based on royal policies and political conflicts, with initial stability under Ken Arok and later disruption during internal conflicts after his death.
• 😀 King Kertanegara is known for his efforts to unite various kingdoms across the archipelago under Singhasari's influence, a vision known as 'Wawasan Nusantara' (Archipelagic Vision).
• 😀 Kertanegara expanded Singhasari's influence through the Pamalayu Expedition (1274) and strengthened the kingdom's governance structure.
• 😀 Under Kertanegara's rule, the kingdom's economy flourished with trade in rice, gold, sandalwood, and spices, and it controlled key maritime routes from the Strait of Malacca to the Maluku Islands.
• 😀 The downfall of the Singhasari Kingdom was partly due to the weakening of its defense during territorial expansions, leading to internal rebellions and external invasions, culminating in its collapse after Kertanegara's death.

Q & A

What was the significance of Ken Arok in the establishment of the Singasari Kingdom?

Ken Arok was the founder of the Singasari Kingdom, originally known as the Kingdom of Tumapel. He established the kingdom in 1222 after overthrowing the previous ruler, Tunggul Ametung, and marrying his widow, Ken Dedes.

What were the key sources for understanding the history of the Singasari Kingdom?

The history of the Singasari Kingdom can be understood through the Pararaton and Negarakertagama books, as well as inscriptions (prasasti) from the period.

What role did Ken Arok's alliance with Brahmins play in his rise to power?

Ken Arok's alliance with Brahmins was crucial in helping him conquer the Kingdom of Kediri. This partnership facilitated his ascension to the throne, ultimately leading to the transfer of power to him and the foundation of the Singasari Kingdom.

How did the Singasari Kingdom's territory expand during the reign of Kertanegara?

Under King Kertanegara, the Singasari Kingdom reached its peak, expanding its territory to include Bali, Sunda, parts of Kalimantan, Sumatra, Madura, Nusa Tenggara, and even Maluku. Kertanegara also worked on unifying the Nusantara region under Singasari's rule.

What was the significance of the Pamalayu Expedition during Kertanegara's reign?

The Pamalayu Expedition, launched by Kertanegara in 1274, was an important military campaign aimed at consolidating Singasari's influence over Sumatra. It symbolized Kertanegara's ambition to unify the archipelago under Singasari's control.

How did religion and trade evolve during the reign of Kertanegara?

During Kertanegara's reign, both Hinduism and Buddhism flourished. The kingdom also saw significant growth in trade, with commodities such as rice, gold, sandalwood, and spices being exchanged. Singasari controlled important trade routes from the Strait of Malacca to the Maluku Islands.

What was Kertanegara's vision for the region known as 'Wawasan Nusantara'?

Kertanegara's vision, known as 'Wawasan Nusantara,' was to unite the various kingdoms in the Nusantara region (Southeast Asia) under the authority of Singasari. This vision aimed to create a cohesive political and cultural entity in the archipelago.

What factors contributed to the downfall of the Singasari Kingdom?

The Singasari Kingdom fell due to multiple factors, including weakened defenses after Kertanegara's expansionist policies. The kingdom faced rebellion and internal conflicts, culminating in an attack from the Kediri forces, which led to Kertanegara's death and the kingdom's collapse.

What are some of the notable architectural remnants of the Singasari Kingdom?

Notable architectural remnants of the Singasari Kingdom include the Candi Kidal, Candi Singasari, Candi Jago, and Candi Katang Lumbang Timah. These temples and inscriptions are crucial sources for understanding the kingdom's culture and religious practices.

What happened to the Singasari Kingdom after Kertanegara's death?

After Kertanegara's death, the Singasari Kingdom faced a period of instability. The kingdom collapsed, largely due to the weakening of its internal structure and military as a result of constant external expansions and internal conflicts.