The BEST & WORST supplements that SLOW aging. Why some supplements are pointless.

Summary

في هذا الفيديو، يناقش المتحدث رحلته في البحث عن المكملات الغذائية التي تساعد على طول العمر والحياة الصحية. يستضيف الدكتور نيكولا كونلان لتقييم مجموعة المكملات الغذائية الخاصة به. تبدأ المناقشة بمكملات الكرياتين وأوميغا 3، ويتم تقييمها بدرجات عالية بسبب فوائدها المعروفة. يتحدث أيضًا عن أهمية فيتامين د وك2، والأوقات المثلى لتناولها. يتم تقييم مكملات أخرى مثل البروبيوتيك، NAC والجليسين، وكولاجين، بالإضافة إلى مخاطر وتحديات تناول مكملات معينة مثل NMN وTMG. الهدف هو تقديم رؤية متكاملة حول أفضل المكملات لتحقيق الفوائد الصحية المرجوة.

Takeaways

• 💊 Creatine被认为是有益于长寿的补充剂，尤其对健身者和健美运动员有益，评分为9或10。
• 🐟 Omega-3油有助于减少炎症和降低心血管疾病风险，是重要的补充剂，特别是当饮食中缺乏时，评分为10。
• 🌞 维生素D和K2的组合补充剂非常重要，因为它们共同作用于钙的代谢，维生素D促进钙的吸收，而K2指导钙的沉积，评分为10。
• 🍶 益生菌对于增加肠道微生物多样性和减少全身炎症有益，尽管具体菌株不明，但对肠道微生物组有益，评分为7。
• 🧪 N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）与甘氨酸一起使用，有助于增强体内的抗氧化系统，尤其是谷胱甘肽系统，评分为9。
• 🤔 三甲基甘氨酸（TMG）的使用需要有明确的理由，如果没有甲基化问题，可能不需要使用，评分为5。
• 🍛 姜黄素含有强大的化合物，但由于生物利用度低，需要大量摄入才能获益，评分为2。
• 📉 NMN作为NAD+的前体，可能不是最有效的提升NAD+水平的方法，因为它忽略了NAD+下降的真正原因，评分较低。
• 🥚 胶原蛋白肽可能有助于皮肤健康，但需要高剂量，并且其效果和吸收存在不确定性，评分为6。
• 💨 一氧化氮释放补充剂可能有益于运动员，因为一氧化氮是一种血管舒张剂，但具体效果和证据不足，评分为5。
• 🌿 多维生素补充剂，如Athletic Greens，可能对饮食不佳的人有益，但对于有良好饮食习惯的人可能不必要，评分取决于个人情况。

Q & A

ما هي الcreatine و ما الفوائد المحتملة لعمر طويل؟

Creatine هي مكمل غذائي يستخدمه الكثير من الناس لنمو العضلات، و لكن هناك أدلة تشير إلى أنها يمكن أن تكون مفيدة لطول العمر، و يمكن أن تعطي الشخص درجة 9 أو 10 في تقييم ال-supplements.

لماذا يعتبر الomega-3 الزيت جيدًا للمكملات الغذائية؟

الomega-3 الزيت يساعد في تقليل التورم في الجسم وتقليل مستويات التريغlycerides، التي ترتبط بأمراض القلب، ويساعد في زيادة مستويات HDL الجيد في الجسم. كما أنه يلعب دورًا كمضاد اكتئاب لبعض الأفراد.

لماذا تنصح بcombining vitamin D و K2 معا؟

Vitamin D يمكنها تحريك مخازن ال calciom في الدم، و K2 يخبر vitamin D أين ي الcalcium، مما يمنع تجميعها في الأرتيات و يوجهها إلى العظم.

ما هي الفوائد المحتملة لـ vitamin D و K2 في وقت تناولها؟

يفضل تناول vitamin D في الصباح لأن الجرعات المرتفعة في وقت متأخر من اليوم قد تؤثر على النوم و تقليل مستويات الميلوتونين، التي تتحكم في الدورة النومية.

ماذا يشير النص بـ"S. boulardii" و ما هي الفوائد المحتملة ل微型生物 في ال Digestive tract؟

S. boulardii هو نوع من البكتيريا الamicable يساعد في تنوع مايكروبيوم الامعاء، مما يعزز الصحة العامة ويقلل من التورم في الجسم.

لماذا ينصح بـ taking probiotics و prebiotics؟

Taking probiotics و prebiotics يساعد في زيادة تنوع مايكروبيوم الامعاء، مما يعزز الطول العمر ويقلل من التورم في الجسم.

ما هي الفوائد المحتملة لـ N-acetylcysteine (NAC)؟

NAC هو مقدم لـ glutathione، وهو المضاد الأكسي الرئيسي في الجسم، ويساعد في تقليل التورم ومعالجة حروف ال自有基 الزائد.

لماذا ينصح بـ not taking trimethyl glycine (TMG) بدون الحاجة؟

TMG قد يكون غير ضروري إذا لم يكن هناك مشاكل مع الـ methylation في الجسم، و لا يجب اتخاذ مكملات تتطلب إضافات أخرى لمعالجة التأثير السلبي للإضافات الأخرى.

لماذا ينصح بـ not taking turmeric بنفسها كـ supplement؟

Turmeric ليس بنفسها متاحًا بشكل جيد في الجسم، و يفضل استعمال curcumin الم純 بنفسه أو منتجات أخرى تwięك الـ bioavailability لـ curcumin.

لماذا يعطي النص درجة منخفضة لـ NMN كـ supplement؟

NMN قد يزيد مستويات NAD ولكنه ليس الطريقة الأكثر كفاءة لأنها تتجاهل السبب وراء تناقص NAD و قد يسبب مشاكل في الـ methylation.

لماذا يفضل النص 摄取 collagen بكميات كبيرة؟

摄取 collagen بكميات كبيرة يمكن أن يساعد في تجميع الألياف القوية في الجلد، ولكن يجب التأكد من أن الخلايا في الجلد هي صحية و قادرة على إنتاج الكولاجين بنفسها.

ما هي الفوائد المحتملة لـ nitric oxide releasing supplements؟

Nitric oxide releasing supplements يمكن أن تساعد في توسع الblood vessels وزيادة تدفق الدم، ولكن لا توجد أدلة قوية عن فوائدها على المدى الطويل.

لماذا يفضل النص 摄取 multivitamins مع prebiotics؟

Multivitamins مع prebiotics يمكن أن تكون حلًا بسيطًا للأشخاص الذين لا يملكون نظام غذائي صحي ويريدون تغذية إضافية، ولكن للناس الذين يتناولون قواعديًا طعام صحي، قد يكون هذا غير ضروري.

ما هي الفكرة الأساسية وراء Neo supplement الذي ذكر في النص؟

Neo supplement هو مكمل غذائي تهدف إلى تحسين NAD في الجسم من خلال التركيز على العوامل الجذرية التي تؤدي إلى تناقص NAD، بدلاً من ت氰يد المواد الأساسية فقط.

لماذا يفضل Neo supplement استخدام nicotinamide على NMN أو NR؟

Nicotinamide هو المادة الأساسية التي يستخدمها الجسم لتصنيع NAD بشكل طبيعي، و يستطيع دخول كل خلية في الجسم، على عكس NR و NMN التي تتطلب أنماط خاصة للدخول إلى الخلايا.

ما هي العوامل التي تؤدي إلى تناقص NAD في الجسم؟

تؤدي عوامل مثل التورم المتزايد وزيادة الاحتياجات لعملية الإصلاح التي تقودها NAD، وانخفاض قدرة الجسم على صنع وتدوير NAD مع التقدم في العمر، إلى تناقص NAD.

لماذا يفضل Neo supplement تركيز على إعادة تشغيل الـ Salvage pathway؟

إعادة تشغيل الـ Salvage pathway يمكن أن يعزز تدوير NAD الفعّال الذي نفتخر به في الشباب، ويحد من تناقص NAD مع التقدم في العمر.

ماذا تفعل مكونات Neo supplement لمنع التورم؟

تتضمن Neo supplement مكونات تمنع بروتين الالتهاب cd38، مما يمنع NAD من التدبير في تورم أكثر وinstead يذهب إلى العمليات ال修復 المفيدة.

لماذا تهتم Neo supplement بمشاكل الـ methylation؟

تتضمن Neo supplement مكونات تمنع تفاعل الenzymology المتعلقة بالـ methylation، مما يعزز تدوير NAD ويقلل من الحاجة إلى الметylation و الإخراج من الخلية.

لماذا يفضل Neo supplement استخدام rutin بدلاً من ctin نظيرًا من الطبيعة؟

Rutin هي شكل طبيعي لـ ctin، الذي يمكن أن ي进去 الخلايا بشكل أفضل من ctin الم純، مما يضمن فعالية المادة الفعالة في الخلية.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 Creatine and Omega-3 for Longevity

The speaker discusses their exploration of longevity supplements and introduces Dr. Nicola Conlan to evaluate their choices. Creatine is highlighted as beneficial for muscle growth and potentially for longevity, earning a high score. Omega-3 oils also receive praise for their anti-inflammatory properties, with a perfect score due to the importance of balancing Omega-6, and the speaker's personal experience of deficiency.

05:01

💊 Vitamin D, K2, and Probiotics for Health

Vitamin D is emphasized for its importance, especially in regions with less sunlight, and is best taken in the morning to align with the body's natural rhythms. When combined with K2, it receives full marks for guiding calcium to the bones and preventing arterial deposition. The inclusion of a probiotic is acknowledged as positive for gut microbiome diversity, although the speaker suggests a broader range of strains might be better.

10:04

🧘‍♀️ N-Acetyl Cysteine and Glutathione for Antioxidant Support

The speaker and Dr. Conlan discuss N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), a precursor to glutathione, the body's master antioxidant. NAC is appreciated for its role in combating stress and free radicals, and its potential link to longevity, although more evidence is needed. The benefits of taking NAC with glycine are noted, and the importance of restoring glutathione levels is highlighted.

15:04

🍀 Trimethylglycine (TMG) and Its Role in Methylation

The conversation turns to TMG, a supplement taken by the speaker to complement NAD supplements. Dr. Conlan explains that TMG may not be necessary unless there's a known methylation issue or if one is taking NAD precursors that could deplete methyl groups. The importance of understanding the reasons for supplement interactions is stressed.

20:06

🌱 Turmeric and the Challenge of Bioavailability

Turmeric is discussed as a supplement with potent compounds, but its poor bioavailability is a concern. The active ingredient, curcumin, requires substantial intake for effective absorption. The speaker suggests that taking pure curcumin or specially formulated products for better absorption might be more beneficial than whole turmeric supplements.

25:06

💉 The Controversy Surrounding NMN for NAD+ Boosting

NMN, a precursor for boosting NAD+ levels, is criticized for not addressing the root causes of NAD+ decline. The speaker explains that simply adding raw material without fixing cellular recycling issues can lead to a buildup of waste products and methyl donor depletion. The importance of activating NAD+ recycling pathways is emphasized over using NMN.

30:08

🥚 Collagen Supplements and Their Effectiveness

The effectiveness of collagen supplements is questioned due to the unknowns of absorption and utilization in the body. While some studies suggest benefits, the speaker is skeptical and suggests that improving cellular health to produce collagen naturally might be a better approach. The role of glycine in collagen production is also discussed.

35:10

🚫 The Pitfalls of Supplements and the Importance of Clinical Trials

The speaker warns about the claims made by supplement manufacturers that often lack clinical evidence. The importance of looking for products that have undergone clinical trials to support their claims is highlighted. The difference between in vitro studies and oral supplements in humans is emphasized.

40:12

🌿 Athletic Greens and Multivitamins: Assessing Their Necessity

The concept of multivitamin supplements, like Athletic Greens, is discussed. While they can be a quick solution for those with poor diets, the speaker prefers a balanced diet for better absorption and bioavailability. The decision to discontinue using a particular multivitamin supplement due to cost and personal dietary choices is shared.

45:13

🛡️ A Holistic Approach to NAD+ Boosting

The speaker introduces a supplement they developed that takes a holistic approach to boosting NAD+ levels. Unlike single precursor supplements, this product aims to address the root causes of NAD+ decline, such as inflammation and the body's reduced capacity to make and recycle NAD+. The importance of a system-wide approach is stressed.

🛠️ Fixing the NAD+ Factory: A Multi-Ingredient Strategy

The final paragraph delves into the specifics of the holistic NAD+ boosting supplement. It includes ingredients that activate the Salvage pathway, inhibit inflammatory proteins, and promote recycling over excretion. The focus is on using the right dosages and forms of ingredients for maximum efficacy.

Keywords

💡Creatine

Creatine هو مكمل غذائي يستخدمه الكثير من الأشخاص لدعم نمو العضلات وتحسين أداء ال-bodybuilding. في النص، يُذكر أنه يُعتبر مفيدًا لطول العمر، مما يشير إلى فوائده المحتملة في المساعدة على العيش لفترة أطول وصحة أفضل.

💡Omega-3

Omega-3 هي كسور الدهون التي تعتبر صحية وتساعد في تقليل التورم. في النص، يُذكر أنها تساعد في خفض مستويات التراميسيرات التي ترتبط بأمراض القلب، وتساعد أيضاً في زيادة مستويات HDL الجيد في الجسم.

💡Vitamin D and K2

Vitamin D و K2 هي الفيتاميناتل ال必需تان التي تساعدان على توزيع الكالسيوم بشكل صحيح في الجسم. في النص، يُذكر أن Vitamin D تمكن من تحريك مخزونات الكالسيوم في الدم، بينما K2 تخبر عن المكان الصحيح لوضع الكالسيوم، مما يمنع تجميعها في الأرتيات وغيرها من الأماكن غير المرغوبة.

💡Probiotics

Probiotics هي بكتيريا طبيعية تساعد في تحسين صحة الميكروبيوم في المعدة. في النص، يُذكر أنها تساعد في زيادة تنوع الميكروبيوم وتقليل التورم في الجسم، مما يرتبط بطول العمر.

💡N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

N-acetylcysteine هو مكمل غذائي هو مقدم رئيسي لGlutathione، وهو المضاد الأكسي الأساسية في الجسم. في النص، يُذكر أنه يشجع على أنظمة المضادات الأكسية ويساعد في تقليل التورم.

💡Trimethyl Glycine (TMG)

Trimethyl Glycine هي مكمل غذائي يحتوي على ثلاث مجموعات ميثيل متصلة. في النص، يُذكر أنه قد يساعد في تقليل استهلاك المجموعات الميثيلية، لكن يُنصح بالتفكير مجددًا في الحاجة إليه.

💡Turmeric

Turmeric هو مكمل غذائي يحتوي على المكون النشط curcumin، الذي يساعد في ال抗炎. في النص، يُذكر أنه ليس متاحًا بشكل كافي للاستخدام الحيوي، ويفضل استخدام curcumin الخالص أو صيغ مبتكرة تزيد من متاحيتها.

💡NMN

NMN هو مقدم رئيسي يستخدم لزيادة مستويات NAD في الجسم. في النص، يُذكر أنه ليس الطريقة الأكثر كفاءة لزيادة مستويات NAD، لأنه يتجاهل أسباب انخفاض NAD.

💡Collagen

Collagen هو مكمل غذائي يحتوي على بروتين يسمى كلاجين يساعد في تغذية الجلد و العظم. في النص، يُذكر أنه يجب اتخاذه في كمية كافية لتكون فعالة، لكن هناك تشكك في القدرة على الوصول إلى الجلد.

💡Nitric Oxide

Nitric Oxide هو مركب حيوي يساعد في توسع الأوعية الدموية ويعزز تدفق الدم. في النص، يُذكر أنه يُستخدم في الرياضة لزيادة الأداء الجسدي، لكن النص يطرح أسئلة حول كفاءة مكمل غذائي ينتج هذا النوع من الأكسيد النووي.

💡Multivitamin

Multivitamin هي مكمل غذائي يحتوي على مجموعة متنوعة من الفيتامينات والعناصر الغذائية. في النص، يُناقش الفائدة النسبية له بالنسبة لشخص لديه نظام غذائي جيد، ويُذكر أنه قد يكون حلًا سريعًا لشخص يعاني من نظام غذائي غير جيد.

💡NAD Booster

NAD Booster هو مكمل غذائي يستخدم لتعزيز مستويات NAD في الجسم، وهو مفيد لطول العمر. في النص، يُناقش الأسلوب الكامل للتعامل مع المشاكل التي تؤدي إلى انخفاض مستويات NAD، بدلاً من الاعتماد على مقدم رئيسي واحد.

Highlights

Creatine is beneficial for longevity and muscle growth, receiving a high score of nine or ten.

Omega-3 oils are crucial for reducing inflammation and cardiovascular disease, earning a perfect score of ten.

The importance of balancing Omega-3 and Omega-6 to prevent inflammation was emphasized.

Vitamin D and K2 should be taken together to ensure proper calcium utilization, both receiving a score of ten.

The timing of taking Vitamin D in the morning is crucial for sleep health and calcium regulation.

S. boulardii as a probiotic is beneficial for gut microbiome diversity, though the strain specificity is unclear.

N-acetyl cysteine and glycine are precursors to glutathione, an essential antioxidant, with a score of nine.

Trimethyl glycine (TMG) received a lower score due to uncertainty about its necessity unless there's a methylation issue.

Turmeric's low bioavailability makes it less effective as a supplement, with a score of two.

NMN as an NAD booster received a low score due to inefficiency and potential to cause methyl donor depletion.

Collagen peptides may have benefits but require high doses and absorption efficacy is uncertain, scoring six.

Nitric oxide supplements are popular for athletes but their effectiveness and evidence are questioned, scoring five.

Multivitamins like Athletic Greens may be beneficial for those with poor diets but are expensive and not necessary for everyone.

NEO, a second-generation NAD booster, addresses the root causes of NAD decline with a comprehensive system approach, scoring ten with a disclaimer.

The importance of a system approach in supplement design was highlighted, focusing on multiple pathways and root cause solutions.

The role of nicotinamide as the body's preferred NAD precursor and its benefits over NMN or NR was explained.

The significance of bioavailability and appropriate dosage in supplement efficacy was discussed.

Transcripts

so what do I take to help reverse my age

so for a while I've been looking into

longevity and trying to pick a range of

supplements that I think have got a good

chance of helping me live a longer and

healthier life however this week I have

an expert who's going to judge my stack

of supplements Dr Nicola Conlan is going

to judge my stack and tell me what I'm

doing right and what I'm doing wrong in

no particular order this is the first

one I started taking many many years ago

creatine yes so creatine is something

that has been took by many people for a

long time um in particular those that

are training in the gym doing

bodybuilding things like that for for

muscle growth Etc but actually there's a

lot more evidence now that it it can be

beneficial for longevity so um I would

say this is definitely a good one to be

taken it's something that I definitely

take and I would probably give this

about a a nine or a 10 oh nine or 10

good

okay I'm off to a good start number two

omega3

oils this is also a high scoring one I'm

definitely going to give this a 10

because this is something that I take as

well and the reason being is that the

omegas are very good in terms of helping

with inflammation so you've got omega3

and Omega 6 and what you don't want is

getting an imbalance between your om

Omega 6 and having too much Omega 6

compared to omega3 now this is something

where if you are eating a really good

diet that contains a lot of fish oils

that generally you shouldn't be

deficient in omega-3 but many people are

deficient in it I know certainly even

myself when I've done my own blood tests

looking at levels of Omega-3 they're

lower than they should be so this is

definitely something you would want to

be trying to boost with the supplement

in addition to your diet it can help

lower levels of inflammation in the body

which we know is a Hallmark of aging and

also it can help to decrease the levels

of triglycerides which are obviously ass

associated with cardiovascular disease

the incidence of which increases as you

get older and also boost levels of your

your HDL so the good fat that you have

in your body also works a little bit

like an anti-depressant apparently has

similar effects on SSRI I don't know if

that's because it's decreasing

inflammation cuz I know that makes you

feel a bit rotten or whether it's uh

something to do with what's happening in

your brain but um but anyway I find that

super interesting and a really nice safe

thing this kind of thing it's basically

food but healthy food condensed down I I

really like that kind of thing yeah the

only thing I would say in terms of um of

looking at a brand is to to check check

the back um and and check in in this

case it does mention the EPA and the DH

content in there because they are the

important um fatty acids that you're

actually looking for when you're looking

at Omega-3s yeah I did find some

evidence or some people talking about

how there is no evidence that fish oil

helps but what they didn't count is

omega-3 so the Omega the DH yes does

work but fish ORS on their own don't

always have the right concentration so

you don't get any benefit exactly that

so if you were just say taking old

school codli roil then it it wouldn't

get a higher score as it does the fact

that you've sourced an omega-3 that has

a high EPA and DHA Okay next one

vitamin D and K2 in One supplement oh

that's good so vitamin D um is a a high

scoring one many people are deficient in

vitamin D especially if you live in the

UK like us where we don't get the

exposure to the sunlight um that we

should be getting um if you was just

vitamin D on its own I'd be giving you

an eight out of 10 but the fact that you

have combined it with K2 I will give you

a 10 out of 10 and that is because these

supplements should always be paired

together because What vitamin D can do

is it can mobilize calcium stores and

calcium in your blood and you if you're

taking high doses of Vitamin D you do

not want to be mobilizing calcium then

it getting deposited um in you know like

your your arteries and and places where

you definitely don't want it to get put

you want it to go in your bones and

places like that K2 basically tells the

vitamin D where to put the calcium so

this is why it's really important that

you should actually pair them together

yeah that's really interesting and it's

a relatively new thing and I don't think

a lot of formulations include it no not

a lot of formulations where you get them

together sometimes you have to buy them

individually and put them together which

many people don't realize especially

after Co there's been a lot more people

taking huge high doses of vitamin D for

immune health and it it can be a bit

dangerous if you're not pairing it with

vitamin K2 the other thing to mention um

with vitamin D is is timing of taking it

um ideally you want to be taking this

one in the morning um high vitamin D

lower in the day can actually interfere

with sleep this is again it's linked to

our Cadian Rhythm which is our 24-hour

sleep breake cycle that is regulating um

a lot of different factors in our body

including melatonin for sleep now if you

are taking um vitamin D at night this is

not normally when vitamin D would be

naturally produced in your body because

vitamin D is is produced naturally in

response to sunlight in our skin so

you're kind of like taking it at a time

that doesn't make physiological sense so

vitamin D is something you would

probably want to be taken in the morning

so i' I've certainly experienced that at

least unless it was bad luck I felt like

in fact the day that I really noticed it

is when I forgotten the day before and I

thought I'd double dose and it was also

late and that just ruined my night sleep

um and then I found out looked it up the

next day and found it apparently some

reduction in melatonin and when you've

taken high dose and it makes perfect

sense because normally that would be

associated with the daylight not with um

going to exactly that and also vitamin D

is another one that you can measure um

like the Omega 3 and Omega 6es it's

something you can measure in a blood

test um and actually look at your levels

to be able to adjust your dose

accordingly so this one isn't mine but

it's on the table so this is from our

producer Lela this is s

boladi some friendly

bacteria Okay so this is

um I don't know exactly what the strain

is so I'm not an expert in all the

different strains of bacteria but

certainly incorporating new strains into

your gut microbiome is a good thing to

do uh we know that microbiome diversity

in the gut um is associated with better

longevity is associated with less

inflammation across the body so trying

to increase good diversity by taking um

you know pre and probiotics it is

definitely something that is beneficial

um I I don't really know what's got to

give it because I don't know and I'm not

familiar with exact strains so I'm going

to say a seven because it is good for

your microbiome but maybe not just one

strain maybe you want to be introducing

multiple different types of strains I I

did hear I think it's Professor Tim

Spectre Zoe Guy saying that um he he

thinks that the the fiber thing is more

important than pre prebiotics because

essentially they're not going to live

anyway unless you're taking fiber um and

there's more a bit more evidence on

fiber than there is on prebiotics and

also I think a lot when it comes to good

health is diet so yes you can take

supplements that are going to try and

promote um good health in terms of

introducing different species of

bacteria in there but you know they've

got to be able to live in that

environment so having the right

environment for them to live in with the

five

um and and things like that is very

important great

okay okay so next one is

naline which I normally take with

glycine but I have run out of glycine so

it's naline and glycine gline act

together okay so this is a good one um

so I'd say this is a nine um not a 10

because there's still there's human

studies to show that it it does help

with longevity but there there still

needs to be a bit more evidence a few

more human studies it is something that

I I would take myself so n atile

cysteine is the precursor to glutathione

and glutathione is the the master

antioxidant um in the body and it

basically switches on a lot of Pathways

that are are making sure that our body

is able to deal with excess stress free

radicals things like that the reason

that I'm assuming you probably take it

with glycine as well um is that

glycine's also used in part of the cycle

that is is producing glutathione but

also that there was a study or the one

human study that demonstrated its link

with longevity used a combination of

glycine and an acety cysteine um linked

um you know as as a pair together so uh

a good one in terms of helping with

those um antioxidant systems the

glutathione system and also that there

is that human clinical study that does

show um benefit mhm the only thing I've

learned recently is that I think most of

the Improvement happens when you're just

a little bit older than me so I don't

think your Lut levels drop off rapidly

like it's probably not much Point taking

it if you're 20 um but the older you get

the more likely there's a chance and I

don't know I just I started I'm I'm at

the the cusp of it around 45 the other

thing about taking nety cine rather than

um taking glutathione itself which some

people do is that glutathione is very um

poorly absorbed so it's got no

bioavailability when you take it orally

um so taking the precursor which is you

know the nety cysteine and the glycine

which are the the building blocks to

make glutathione in the body is a much

better approach um when it comes to

trying to restore glutathione I also

like the idea that it would be more

tailored to what you actually need

because your body would respond

according to the what it with if you

just give glutathione the levels might

be too high almost whereas if if you're

saying if you need it make it here the

raw materials and then that may have

some benefits exactly that

yeah okay next um trimethyl

glycine TMG so trimethyl glycine is

basically a a glycine molecule with um

three methy groups attached now I'm

going to score this more like a five um

and the reason for that is do you know

that you definitely need to be taking

this why do you take it so I took it

because um taking NAD supplements and U

just hearing that Bas if you take NAD

supplements you probably should provide

some additional methal groups as well um

when I did my genetic age one of them

which I'll share with you at some point

was particularly

high and that's as far as my thinking

went so it's not particularly um

like a fundamental reason so I'm excited

to hear what you're going to why you're

going to say do I definitely need it um

but it was based on the fact that I was

already doing one thing and I thought I

don't want to be doing one of the common

mistakes is you you off on a path and

then you learn something new and you

realize you'd been making a mistake so I

thought do the extra thing and then I

won't make a mistake but maybe I've made

a mistake tell me about well not

necessarily it just it may be something

that you don't need so if you um don't

have any issues with

methylation then there's there's not

really a huge reason to be taken it the

main reason why people are taking

trimethyl glycine is a either they've

done some sort of genetic tests which

has shown that their body you know is

predisposed to having less methyl groups

and methyl groups we know are important

for epigenetics or two that they're

taking another supplement H and they've

heard that because they're taking this

supplement they probably should take

this one as well to deal with some of

the negative consequences of another

supplement they're taken which for me

immediately Rings alarm Bells because

it's like why would you want to take a

supplement that is making something else

worse and the ones you're obviously

talking about are NAD precursors um

there's been studies to show that if you

are uh taking an NAD precursor that it

can actually leads to methyl donor

depletion um which is why a lot of

people perir TM m g or trimethyl glycine

um with things like nmn or NR and that's

because basically as you are loading the

cell with this precursor and it's making

more NAD if the NAD is being used and

broken down it gets broken down into a

precursor called nicotinamide now in

young cells this nicotinamide would

usually be recycled straight back into

NAD again but in older cells we know

that this recycling pathway becomes

dysfunctional and what that means is

that nicotinamide builds up in the cell

and cells don't like it when things

build up so they have to try and get rid

of it and the way that cells get rid of

nicotinamide from the cell is to stick a

methyl group on and then excrete it so

the idea behind making sure that you

take something like TMG alongside an NAD

supplement like an NN nmn precursor is

that you are making sure that you're not

depleting your methyl groups um by

unnecessarily having to try and deal

with this Lar amount of nicotin amide

that may build up so I wouldn't take TMG

if you don't know that you've got a

methylation problem and just because

it's it's not that necessary and

um I don't think you should be taking

supplements that require you to take

another supplement to deal with a

negative effect so so this came from

well think Davis and CLA saying he he Al

he takes TMG alongside his NMM when I

first started I started with nmn M and

that just it made sense to me that that

I should copy him ESS it makes sense it

makes sense theoretically but then it

also brings in the question that are you

doing more harm than good by

taking the anmen okay and then so if the

so the so this is interesting because

obviously there are other supplements

that you can take like if you take

nicotinamide as a raw material is that

not not is that bypass any of this or do

the same principles apply doesn't matter

which precursors you take you could or

you could be overdoing it exactly that

yeah yeah because by taking a precursor

you are ignoring the reason why nad's

gone down and you are just loading the

cell with um with with more of the raw

material and hoping that it converts it

into NAD so again think of the the cell

as a factory if you went into a factory

and you saw that NAD uction in this

Factory had gone down because the

machines were broken the pipes were

leaking you wouldn't say oh let's just

order more raw material and hope we get

more NAD out the other end um and ignore

all this chaos in the middle he'd say

actually we need to fix the

factory so this is another one of

lela's turmeric oh turmeric so turmeric

is a good

one but I am going to actually rate this

pretty low and that is because

it is not very

bioavailable so it's good in that we

know that turmeric itself contains some

compounds that are really powerful but

actually you would have to take a lot of

turmeric to get the amount of active

ingredient at a level um of absorption

to get the benefit so the active

ingredient that is in turmeric is

actually something called curcumin and

it's the curcumin um that seems to be

having the powerful uh biological effect

in the the body but you'd have to take

so much of this supplement here to get

an amount of curcumin that's actually

going to have an anti-inflammatory

effect which is what curcumin does that

I probably say this is you know you're

looking more like a two uh unfortunately

for this

oneit peer in it does that help it black

pepper helps so um black pepper is known

to help with the absorption of curcumin

but you would be much better off using a

um a p P curcumin so it's already at the

higher level and then combining that

with some black pepper there are also

several different um curcumin products

out there now which have have gone even

further and looked at extraction

extracting specific parts of um the the

curcum noids um that are actually the

really potent parts and um trying to

make them more bioavailable in different

formulations and things that may be

liposomal to help with um absorption um

so there are a lot better ways to

actually get curcumin now rather than

just taking the actual whole turmeric

itself so the problem here is there just

isn't enough curcumin even if you could

absorb it because it's diluted with the

rest of tur well it's yeah and and it's

not to say that turmeric itself has

doesn't have other um you know molecules

in that are really helpful and

beneficial it does um but really the

real reason why people are taking

turmeric is for the circumin so if

you're going to go as far as taking a

supplement uh you you really would be

better off taking one that's actually

pure curcumin if you want the turmeric

just put some turmeric in your food eat

the turmeric um and and take it that way

cool that was

useful thank

you

right here's another one we would have

heard of this is

nmn this gets a low score for me

unfortunately so um yeah so this is

something that is a precursor it is used

to boost levels of NAD um as we know

I've studied NAD um a lot and um

unfortunately I think all the latest

science now shows that although nmn does

go to some extent to boost NAD levels

actually it's really not the most

efficient way to boost NAD and this is

because it completely ignores the

reasons why NAD declines so if we just

go back to the factory analogy if we

have an NAD producing Factory and NAD

production is gone down and that's

because all the machines are broken the

pipes are leaking you would not simply

go oh let's just ignore this and order

more raw material in and hope we get

more NAD out the end CU this is exactly

what nmn is it's just a raw material

that your body needs to make NAD but

what we know is that the reason why NAD

declines is because it's struggling to

actually recycle NAD so if you are

putting NAD into the nmn into the system

some of it will get converted into NAD

that's another area that's argued

because um there's a lot of um data that

kind of argues whether nmn itself

actually even gets into the cells um is

that the right transpor is there does it

get broken down into other things first

it's a little bit unknown still um but

let's argue and say it does get into the

cells it gets made into NAD and then

actually once it's been used once it

gets broken down and then if you don't

have machines in there or recycling

Pathways in there that can actually deal

with the breakdown products then this

gets used once and it gets chucked out

and this is where we start to see issues

with methylation because you are

suddenly increasing NAD in the cells but

you're not activating NAD recycling

which is the main reason nad's gone down

so you start to get a build up and

nicotinamide and then the nicotinamide

has nowhere to go so the body goes give

me some methyl groups to stick on this

nicotinamide to Signal it to get

excreted and then you get methyl Dona

depletion and that is why you need to

take TMG which we discussed earlier so

this is kind of like you're taking one

supplement to try and fix one thing but

because you're ignoring the reason why

that thing is declining in the first

place you're then causing another knock

on problem which you're then having to

take another supplement to fix and

actually methyl donor depletion is

actually quite serious because methyl

donors um you know the methyl groups are

very important for a lot of other things

like DNA repair epigenetic regulation

and you certainly don't want to be

wasting your mythal groups on um dealing

with with stuff like this and again this

is this isn't just a theory in some of

the clinical studies done with um just

using precursors and not addressing any

of the other causes of NAD decline

what you see is that as you increase the

dose of these um precursors that NAD

does go up then it plate then it doesn't

matter how much you increase the dose of

the precursors NAD just stays level and

what you do see is a huge increase and

it keeps going up up up of something

called methyl nicotinamide and that is

that excreted product because your cells

are frantically trying to get rid of

this excess um precursor from

inside fantastic that's really helped me

understand that better um yeah in fact I

a little flashback to when I used we

went to the same University at one point

different years but um I used to drive a

an old boxel there and it had a fuel

tank that would leak and uh because I

have any money my first response was to

buy a fire extinguisher so I'll keep the

fire and that sounds like what we're

doing with this situation which is it's

you you're taking an additional step but

you're actually like like you're

basically winding the system up in a bad

way um so that's that's really helpful

hearing that it it definitely helps

hearing them more than one time yeah and

and I think you know the reason so many

people know about nmn and NR and other

precursors is that for a long time it

was thought that this was the best way

to boost NAD but the thing about science

and especially things that are quite new

the science does move quite fast and

what we've we've learned especially over

the last five six years is that we now

do know why NAD declines and we know

that actually you there are ways to fix

it so I think it's it's important that

to just to recognize that you know the

science at the time Behind These was

good but now we know better mhm great

okay next

one

collagen this is 100% pure Bine collagen

peptides so

I'd give collagen about a six um the

reason for this is because well first of

all how much should you take do you know

so honestly I took it once and I was

sick the same night and I I I don't even

know if it was the collagen but I

haven't taken it since and you know I'm

taking glycine anyway so I don't know I

haven't actually got back into taking it

so I'm not

100% confident in it either but I

thought it was worth discussing given

our well you know I think with collagen

it's all about the dose so I was always

very skeptical of collagen in that we

know that um in terms of amino acid

amino acid and peptide absorption in the

gut that you know a lot of it is just

going to be broken down and um just

because you're putting it in the gut and

even if it is absorbed how do we know

it's going to get to where we need it to

go to um however the was a study done

that did use radiol labeled amino acids

and and certainly um collagen peptid es

that demonstrated that you could track

and Trace where these peptides were

going and that some of them did get

incorporated into the I think it was the

um some of the the tissues um and did

actually get to some beneficial places

in the body so that kind of changed my

opinion about it but I think the the

main thing with collagen is it's you've

got to take it at a really high dose I

think below a gram um it doesn't really

do much um and

certainly it it's it's a lot of it's a

bit of Blind Faith again that you are

taking something to try and fix

something let's just say in Aesthetics

we you know we're taking collagen to try

and improve the collagen content in our

skin but there's a big black box in the

middle between you taking it and it

actually getting in your skin and that

you know is it actually getting to where

you need it to be and actually would it

be a better strategy just trying

it improve your cellular health so that

the cells actually continue producing

collagen rather than ignoring the

reasons why collagen is declining in

your skin um and and just taking more

and hoping it gets to your skin maybe it

would be a better strategy to actually

you know Implement things that are going

to stimulate your skin cells to actually

produce their own

collagen I agree with that principle the

the thing that kind of pushed me over

the edge was this idea that although

glycine well as I say it's one reason

why I don't mind not taking it is

because I'm already taking glycine but

the glycine isn't although it's not an

essential amino acid we're not very good

at producing very much of it and we

might be a little bit deficient even

though you can make your own because we

essentially The evolutionary Drive was

great for small animals and as we got

Beyond about 30 kilos we basically don't

make quite enough so collagen turnover

especially as that slows down gets gets

worse and so there may be a reason to

take a supplement that helps your body

do that but that only depends on whether

the cells are actually responding and

making more exactly so to you know it's

again the factory analogy you can supply

those factories with as much raw

material as you want but if the cells

aren't in good health then they're never

going to turn into what you want it to

become MH um yeah great five out of 10

thanks

collagen that is not going to go down

well but it's fine but then you'll get

you'll get lots

of comments we're not afraid um okay the

next one this one um someone brought in

yesterday I've never heard of it before

I thought I'd ask you about it this is

nitric oxide releasing loes what do you

think about that one so not something

that I've taken before I know that

taking um things that boost levels of

nitric oxide is quite popular in

athletes and the reason for this is that

nitric oxide is is naturally found in

our bodies as a Vaso dilator so it

dilates blood vessels to increase blood

flow

um difficult one to score because I

don't know that much about this

particular supplement um but in terms of

Vasa dilation if that is the goal that

you're you're trying to improve then

nitric oxide is is definitely a viso

dilator MH I just from what I know about

nitric oxide it's got an incredibly

short half life so even if it worked for

for 30 seconds I don't know what it

would do the rest of the day well you

know things like nitric oxide and super

oxides and hydrogen peroxides and those

types of things all have very short half

lives but in you know in the in the body

it only needs to have a very short half

life to to ini initiate some sort of

reaction um and again we do know that um

nitric oxide is a is a potent Vasa

dilator um I guess it would just

be I mean how how much evidence there is

that this does actually increase nitric

oxide in in the body which I don't know

the other factor is this is not cheap

this is about £80 for a bottle okay so

um given that how much confidence what

would you score at your confidence to

recommend um I mean if it does what it

says it does I think then yeah go ahead

you know you'd give it a decent score

because if if pH a dilation is the way

forward and this is generally increasing

nitric oxide then theoretically it

should work

um without looking at it more very very

difficult I'm I'm going to say you're

giving five Vibes to me well maybe yeah

maybe but I I think in just in general

terms something that is really important

when looking at picking supplements is

um looking at have there been any trials

on this particular product because what

many people don't realize is that a lot

of products make a lot of claims but

actually don't have any clinical studies

to support the claims and when looking

for a product you want to be looking for

a product that actually has done a

clinical

trial actually on the very specific

formulation that is in that product so

you know for example I'm I'm not you

know saying this is true but this

product is saying it increases um nitric

oxide and nitric oxide has got all these

benefits so it may be sort of promoting

this product as if you increase nitric

oxide you'll do Vaso dilation and XY Z

but just because nitric oxide is known

to do that and there are papers

published showing that it does that does

not is very different to knowing that

when you take that product orally that

it is going to have the effect that

nitric oxide naturally has in the body

so what you'd really want to be seeing

is a study that's done on that exact

product not part of the formulation or

one ingredient the whole product um

showing that it actually does increase

nitric oxide and that it does have have

those effects yeah I it's a really good

point cuz a lot of supplements when you

pay attention you figure out that's

what's going on which is they've got the

story they sell you the story but not

the compound that actually does fulfills

the story it's just same ingredients so

maybe it does the same thing as the

study that was totally different exactly

that and there's a very difference

between there's a huge difference um in

a study that's done on cells in a Petri

dish and a compound that's shown to work

versus given a human um an oral

supplement of the same compound that has

to go the way through the gut it has to

go through Liber metabolism it has to

get through the blood it has to go

actually get into the cells where it's

it's it's said to have its an its effect

so um it's very important to look at at

the studies um most people don't realize

that it's not a legal requirement to do

any studies so that is something to look

out for okay

great okay so next one this I do not

actually take anymore but here it is

it's a whole bunch of of stuff uh all

into one supplement so it's it's

essentially a multivitamin I don't know

how you could score this cuz you'd have

to look at every ingredients and all but

I don't know what you think about the

concept of um this sort of

multivitamin with prebiotics I don't

personally take athletic greens just

because I think it's it's very expensive

and I think if you've got a good diet

then really you know you can get a lot

of of the the sort of different

ingredients um in in beneficial um

Botanicals out of your diet for somebody

that maybe doesn't have a great diet and

is not planning to improve the diet um

then this may be a good solution as is a

kind of quick win to try and just get

some of those those compounds and those

beneficial vitamins minerals Etc into

their bodies um but for me um I think

this is it's all about

convenience um I think trying to get a

lot of

molecules more from their natural forms

is is always going to be the best bet in

terms of absorption and

bioavailability but I think it is a good

solution a if you've got the money and B

if you really don't have time to focus

on having a healthy diet yeah why do you

not take it anymore oh nickol

asked um basically B let's let's just

call

it bow

upset um okay you know we've got no

we've got no

everyone so yeah it's the prebiotics I

think were a problem for me um it's also

really expensive yeah and so the

combination of those two things kind of

put me off I also spend a lot of time

and energy thinking about diets and it

also you know I I think I probably don't

need to um take every single one of

these things every single day in order

to get the benefit yeah yeah fair enough

okay next one now you know this one

really well um but this is I I would say

from my perspective when I first came

across the supplement what what I love

about it is basically the strategy

behind it so now this is your supplement

but I i' so it's a bit unfair to get you

to rate it it's a 10 a 10 out of 10 with

a asteris next to it saying disclaimer I

am CEO of the

company um but I what I do I would like

to hear your description of the strategy

element to it because what I what I find

kind of annoying it's it's I think it's

actually truth in general with How the

Universe Works is if you don't have a a

limit like if you just give one answer

and like Play That Tune at full blast

it's never going to be the full truth

and what I like about this is this there

is the sense of balance and and and

actually acknowledging the system you're

trying to change rather than just

changing one element of it so tell us a

little bit about what's in this and how

that works together as a

system yeah yes so I think what's really

important um you know when looking at

supplements is why are you taking a

supplement and for a lot of people and I

know with some of the ones we we've just

discussed people are taking it for a

reason so um when we're looking at NAD

boosting supplements people are taking

it to try and boost NAD and often it's

not the most obvious Solutions um that

that work the best so in in terms of of

NAD we've spoke at length just before

about nmn so when people realized that

Boos in NAD was something that was

beneficial to do for your health

basically people went well what's the

quickest and easiest way of doing this

um the first thing was that people were

putting pure NAD in capsules and

swallowing it and hoping for the best

basically you know hoping it got into

the cells it was very soon realized that

this is not a sensible thing to do

because nad's unstable it has no bio

availability when taken orally so you

know it's just a useless um strategy so

the next best thing was okay well if if

we can't take pure NAD why don't we take

some precursor so the raw material that

the body uses to make NAD so this is

where supplements like nmn or NR started

to come about now what became very

obvious as the science advanced was that

the reason why NAD is declining is is

twofold first of all our body is using

up more NAD because of inflammation and

because of an increased requirement for

repair which NAD drives and secondly

because our capacity to make and recycle

NAD actually declines as we get older So

within our cells we have something

called the Salvage pathway which

basically makes and recycles NAD but

this declines as we get older so by

taking a single precursor supplement

like nmn to restore NAD what you're

effectively doing is giving a raw

material to a cellular Factory that

doesn't have any functioning machines

left in it and we know from all the

studies now that if you are trying to

boost NAD with just a precursor and

you're ignoring the fact that recycling

has reduced NAD recycling you're

ignoring the fact that excess

inflammation is eating up all of your

NAD and that there is increased um

damage which is is is basically using a

lot of NAD as well then you start to get

other issues whereby you start to cause

methylation issues because the

precursors that you're taking yeah they

might generate a little bit of NAD but

they're actually getting broken down

back into precursors which our body

can't recycle again so they're building

up our body deals with this by

overexpressing other methylating enzymes

which then use all our methyl groups

trying to tag and excrete this EX ESS

precursor from the cell so when I came

into this field and looking at all of

the science surrounding NAD it stood out

to me very quickly that a lot of the

strategies and supplements people were

taking to boost NAD scientifically

didn't make any sense because we now

know what the root causes of NAD decline

are therefore it makes a lot more sense

to actually fix the root causes of NAD

decline so this is exactly what we

designed this NAD boost and supplement

to do um we call it a second generation

NAD booster because it goes beyond just

using a precursor but actually has

multiple different ingredients in there

that are all acting to actually repair

all the different parts of that NAD

Factory that are broken and try and

actually fix the reasons why nads

declined because at the end of the day

our bodies were very very good at making

NAD When We Were Young it's just become

dysfunctional so really rather than

ignoring the problems and you know what

we actually want to do is just take

ourselves back to how they were

performing When We Were Young so we do

have a precursor in there we use

nicotinamide we don't use nmn we don't

use NR the reason for this is that um

despite what many people think um

nicotinamide is actually the body's

preferred precursor to make NAD it's

what it naturally uses our body does not

naturally use NR or nmn it's

nicotinamide where it makes the majority

of its NAD from via the Salvage pathway

and also nicotinamide is freely

diffusable across cell membranes that

means that it can enter every single

cell whereas NR and nmn are restricted

to entering cells that have the correct

channel to let them in so they can't get

into every cell in the body the other

thing that we focus on is actually just

fixing those root causes of NAD decline

so we've got ingredients in there which

are actually switching back on the

Salvage pathway so that actually Act

activate um a particular enzyme called

nppt which is the enzyme that drives all

of that youthful NAD recycling that we

have when we're younger but decreases as

we get older which leads to NAD decline

so effectively it actually switches back

on useful NAD production the other thing

is looking at the reasons that you know

are draining NAD so we know that

inflammation is a huge um drain on our

NAD supplies because of protein called

cd38 which is an inflammatory protein

that gets expressed as we get older and

this uses huge amounts of NAD to drive

inflammation and chronic inflammation is

terrible when it comes to aging and if

you are trying to boost NAD with

something like a precursor or an IV NAD

or something like that then you are

essentially given cd38 it's fuel to

drive further inflammation so a real key

thing that you need to be doing is

inhibiting this inflammatory protein so

we have ingredients in there that are

actually inhibiting cd38 to make sure

that any NAD that you are boosting is

not going to drive an inflammation and

being wasted it's actually going towards

the beneficial repair processes that we

have another key thing is looking at

methylation issues surrounding NAD

supplements so as we've just discussed

earlier lots of people say oh if you

boost NAD you need to take a methyl

donor like trimethyl glycine because it

depletes your NAD levels it will only

deplete your NAD levels if you are not

getting the recycling pathway happening

if that youthful recycling process is

happening all of those precursors will

be getting recycled so they won't be

building up in the cell and they won't

need to be methylated and excreted and

we also include an ingredient in there

which inhibits a particular methylation

enzyme to promote recycling rather than

its excretion from the cell so we sort

of focus on having a whole system

approach so it's not just ignoring the

reasons why NAD is going down but it's

actually looking at all the science that

we know shows why NAD is declining and

actually addressing these problems

rather than ignoring them MH and I know

you've gone to Great length to make sure

it's the appropriate dosages and that

they're easily absorbable as well yeah

exactly that so you know a key example

is um one of the ingredients that we use

in there um an active ingredient that we

know in cell studies will actually um

increase levels of the nppt enzyme in

the Salvage Pathways that is an

ingredient called ctin now if you put

quatin on cells in a Petri dish it will

do that if you take ctin orally it

doesn't work so well because quatin is

not something that's sort of like

naturally available um in its pure form

actually in nature ctin exists as a

glycoside so something called rutin

which is a ctin glycoside and what we do

is rather than put pure ctin in the

product we use routin and that means

that this H ctin is um goes through the

gut with its glycoside which is like a

little sugar molecule attached um it

gets absorbed in this format and then

once it's in the body the sugar is then

cleaved and then the actual cassan

molecule can enter the cells and do its

job and this is a key example of where

people can be so misled to think that if

you found a molecule that works in cells

this pure active ingredient that you can

just take that active ingredient and

it's going to work the same way in your

body as it does in a petrius then you're

very mistaken quite often a lot of the

molecules especially that are derived

from plants in the first place work much

better when they are actually given to

the body in the plant form and then the

body can absorb um those molecules from

it fantastic so um I also discovered

recently that the nmn I was buying which

I think when I bought it was more

expensive get turned into nicotinamide

in your gut anyway yes that was like oh

sad yeah and also there's a lot of

evidence the other precursor NR also

gets converted into

nicotinamide um so again it's like just

take nicotinamide but don't only take

nicotinamide take nicotinamide but with

all the other ingredients to fix all the

other problems alongside it mhm

fantastic it's it's really interesting

I've never come across anything quite

like it that has these multiple

different angles um and I know you're

also working on some other stuff that

will be similar in the future not not

the same problem but yeah and I think

this goes with a lot of biology and this

is a lot to do with the training that I

had in drug development um in that I was

fortunate to work for a very forward

thinking company who did drug

development a different way um because

unfortunately a very narrow-minded way

of thinking within the industry is that

if you have an issue in the body there's

this single problem causing it and

there's going to be this single molecule

that's going to fix it when the reality

is that a problem in the body is usually

caused by multiple different things and

actually one molecule or one drug or One

supplement one nutrient whatever that is

is not going to be enough to to fix that

thing the other obvious thing is that a

single molecule doesn't stick to a

single thing in the body and this is why

lots of drugs have side effects because

the design to Target a specific pathway

or a specific protein but the reality is

they're actually doing a lot of other

things um so when you design something

that actually accounts for the fact that

you need to be doing multiple things but

then pick molecules that actually

already have what we call that footprint

so they're already acting on multiple

Pathways you get a much more targeted

and efficacious effect mhm really

interesting thank you I hope you learned

a lot from that if you want to try Neo

yourself you can get a discount if you

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