Konsep Pengambilan Keputusan part#1

Summary

This video explores the fundamental theory of decision-making, highlighting key types like programmed and non-programmed decisions. It delves into how decisions are made, from identifying problems to analyzing data and deriving conclusions. Programmed decisions address routine and repetitive tasks, while non-programmed decisions are for new, complex issues requiring creativity and intuition. The video also introduces decision-making models based on goal achievement and external demands, emphasizing the importance of making decisions that enhance organizational value and ensure accurate predictions.

Takeaways

• 😀 Decision-making is a process of solving problems by identifying issues, gathering information, analyzing data, and making conclusions or recommendations.
• 😀 Decision-making can be seen as choosing the best option from available alternatives using data, knowledge, and experience.
• 😀 Programmed decisions are routine, structured, and used for repetitive issues that have clear cause-and-effect relationships.
• 😀 Non-programmed decisions are unique, unstructured, and used for complex or one-time problems that require creativity and intuition.
• 😀 Programmed decisions are low-risk, predictable, and based on established rules and procedures, like periodic inventory orders.
• 😀 Non-programmed decisions often involve high risks, uncertainty, and require innovative solutions, like launching new products or entering new markets.
• 😀 A key distinction: programmed decisions are routine and structured, while non-programmed decisions are unstructured and involve more ambiguity.
• 😀 The push model of decision-making starts with setting goals (e.g., obtaining a degree) and identifying problems that need to be solved to achieve those goals.
• 😀 The pull model of decision-making begins with facing external problems and developing solutions to address them, followed by feedback to improve future decisions.
• 😀 Good decisions contribute to the organizational or personal goals and should have high accuracy in predicting outcomes and aligning with objectives.

Q & A

What is the definition of decision-making as discussed in the transcript?

Decision-making is described as the process of solving problems, starting from identifying the problem, gathering data, analyzing the data, and ultimately arriving at a conclusion and recommendation. It is also seen as the art of selecting a choice from multiple alternatives using data and knowledge.

What are the two main types of decision-making mentioned in the script?

The two main types of decision-making are 'Programmed Decision' and 'Non-Programmed Decision'. Programmed decisions are routine and repetitive, while non-programmed decisions are applied to unique, complex, or unstructured problems.

Can you explain the difference between 'Programmed Decision' and 'Non-Programmed Decision'?

'Programmed Decision' deals with problems that are recurring and predictable, often following clear procedures. In contrast, 'Non-Programmed Decision' applies to new, unique, or complex situations where no clear procedures exist, requiring creativity and intuition.

What are some characteristics of 'Programmed Decisions'?

Programmed decisions are characterized by structured problems, clear cause-effect relationships, low risk, and procedures based on routine, traditions, and past experiences. These decisions are also predictable and rational.

What is the risk level associated with 'Non-Programmed Decisions'?

Non-programmed decisions are associated with higher risks due to the uncertainty of the situation and the lack of established procedures. These decisions often involve complex problems and require creativity, intuition, and innovation.

How do 'Programmed Decisions' differ from 'Non-Programmed Decisions' in terms of decision-making procedures?

'Programmed Decisions' follow clear, established rules, policies, or standard operating procedures (SOPs), while 'Non-Programmed Decisions' require creativity and intuitive judgment since no predefined procedure exists.

Can you give an example of a 'Programmed Decision' in a business setting?

An example of a 'Programmed Decision' in business would be the periodic ordering of inventory. This is a routine and repetitive task with a clear process.

What are some examples of situations where 'Non-Programmed Decisions' are necessary?

Examples of situations requiring 'Non-Programmed Decisions' include launching a new product, entering a new market, or dealing with unexpected challenges, such as the sudden loss of a major client or market disruption.

What are the two models of decision-making presented in the transcript?

The two models discussed are the 'Goal-Driven Model' (where decisions are made to achieve specific objectives) and the 'Environmental Demand Model' (where decisions are influenced by external pressures or problems that arise unexpectedly).

What makes a decision 'high quality' according to the script?

A high-quality decision is one that contributes positively to the organization's value and has high accuracy in predicting outcomes. It should lead to outcomes that align closely with the anticipated results and improve the overall performance of the organization.