What is Substation | Function of Substation | Hindi

Summary

In this video, electrical engineer Abhishek Joshi explains the essential functions of substations in a power system. He details how substations connect generation, transmission, and distribution sections of the grid, and highlights four main functions: stepping up and stepping down voltage, metering electricity usage, balancing loads to prevent overloading, and improving power factor. These processes ensure the efficient flow and distribution of electricity, keeping the grid stable and reliable. This informative video offers valuable insights for anyone interested in understanding the role of substations in electrical systems.

Takeaways

• 😀 A substation is the part of the power system that connects generation, transmission, and distribution.
• 😀 The main purpose of a substation is to step-up or step-down the voltage levels for efficient power transmission and distribution.
• 😀 In a generation plant, electricity is usually generated at 11 kV, which is then stepped up or stepped down at a substation.
• 😀 Substations help in transforming high-voltage electricity to a level suitable for transmission (e.g., 220 kV or 110 kV).
• 😀 After transmission, substations step down the voltage to lower levels (e.g., 33 kV or 11 kV) for distribution.
• 😀 Substations play a critical role in the **metering** of electricity contributions from private power plants to the grid.
• 😀 Metering helps calculate the amount of electricity contributed to the grid by private players like Tata, Reliance, and Birla.
• 😀 Load balancing is another key function of substations, ensuring that the electricity load is distributed evenly and preventing overloads.
• 😀 Substations manage **load shedding** by controlling electricity supply to various areas based on available power and demand.
• 😀 Substations improve the **power factor** by installing capacitor banks, which helps in long-distance power transmission efficiency.
• 😀 Substations are essential for maintaining the stability and health of the electrical grid, balancing supply and demand effectively.

Q & A

What is a substation in a power system?

A substation is a critical part of a power system that connects the three main sections: generation, transmission, and distribution. It facilitates the transmission and distribution of electricity by stepping up or stepping down voltage levels.

What are the four main functions of a substation?

The four main functions of a substation are: (1) Voltage step-up and step-down, (2) Metering, (3) Load balancing, and (4) Power factor improvement.

Why is voltage step-up and step-down necessary in a power system?

Voltage step-up and step-down are necessary because electricity is generated at low voltages (usually around 11kV), but it needs to be transmitted over long distances at higher voltages (e.g., 220kV or 400kV) to reduce losses. Then, it is stepped down to lower voltages (e.g., 33kV, 11kV) for distribution.

How does a substation contribute to metering in a power system?

Substations play a key role in metering by tracking the amount of electricity contributed by private power plants (e.g., Tata, Reliance) to the grid. Meters are installed at substations to calculate the electricity supplied, helping in economic settlements between the power producers and the grid.

What is load balancing in the context of a substation?

Load balancing involves managing the distribution of electricity to prevent overloading the transmission lines and power systems. It ensures that the generated power is distributed efficiently, preventing system failures or power trips. Load shedding is a part of this process to balance demand and supply.

What is the role of a substation in power factor improvement?

A substation helps improve the power factor of the system by installing capacitive banks. These capacitors help reduce the reactive power losses in long transmission lines, thus improving the overall efficiency of the power system.

Why is load shedding necessary in a power system?

Load shedding is necessary to prevent system overloads when the demand for electricity exceeds the available supply. It ensures that certain areas experience power cuts for specific periods to balance the load across the system and avoid a complete system failure.

How does a substation help in connecting private power plants to the grid?

Substations help connect private power plants to the grid by facilitating the transfer of generated electricity. These plants supply power to the grid, and the substation ensures the proper voltage levels for transmission and distribution.

What voltage levels are typically involved in generation, transmission, and distribution?

Electricity is typically generated at voltages of 11kV or 6.6kV, then stepped up to higher voltages (220kV or 400kV) for transmission over long distances. After transmission, it is stepped down again to lower voltages (33kV or 11kV) for distribution to consumers.

What are the different stages of voltage transformation in a substation?

In a substation, voltage is first stepped up from the generation level (e.g., 11kV) to higher transmission voltages (e.g., 220kV or 400kV). After transmission, it is stepped down to lower voltages (e.g., 33kV, 11kV) for distribution, and further reduced to 415V for secondary distribution to consumers.