Akuntansi Imbalan Pascakerja (PSAK 24)

Summary

This video script provides a comprehensive explanation of the accounting treatment for post-employment benefits under PSAK 24. It covers the types of post-employment benefits, such as pensions and other retirement benefits, and explains the related actuarial calculations. The script delves into the journal entries for recognizing and adjusting liabilities and expenses for employee benefits, as well as handling deferred tax assets. The speaker also refers to relevant literature and regulations, encouraging viewers to explore further examples and details in specialized accounting texts.

Takeaways

• 😀 **Post-employment benefits** are categorized into pension plans, short-term benefits, long-term benefits, and termination benefits, each with different accounting treatments.
• 😀 **Defined Contribution Plans** and **Defined Benefit Plans** are the two main types of pension schemes, with the latter being more complex and requiring actuarial assumptions.
• 😀 **PSAK 24** (Indonesian Financial Accounting Standard) governs the accounting of post-employment benefits, including pension plans and severance pay.
• 😀 **Mandatory vs. Voluntary Contributions**: Pension contributions can be mandatory (e.g., BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) or voluntary, depending on the regulatory framework and company policies.
• 😀 **Accounting for pensions** involves recognizing liabilities based on actuarial calculations, such as the present value of future obligations, with assumptions for discount rates, salary growth, and life expectancy.
• 😀 The **actuarial method** is used to calculate pension liabilities, including assumptions about demographics, financial conditions, and discount rates.
• 😀 **Service cost** and **interest cost** are key components of pension expenses that affect the financial statements, especially the income statement.
• 😀 **Journal Entries for Post-employment Benefits**: When pension liabilities are recorded, journal entries should include debit entries for liabilities and credit entries for cash or bank payments.
• 😀 **Comprehensive Income** is affected by actuarial gains and losses, which must be properly accounted for in the financial reports.
• 😀 Further reading of **PSAK 24** and related accounting books (e.g., by Hans Kartikahadi) is recommended for deeper understanding, with additional examples of real-world cases and applications.

Q & A

What is PSAK 24, and what does it address?

PSAK 24 is an Indonesian accounting standard that deals with employee benefits, specifically post-employment benefits like pension plans and severance pay. It provides guidelines for recognizing, measuring, and disclosing these benefits in financial statements.

What is the primary focus of the video script?

The video script focuses on the accounting treatment of employee benefits, including short-term and post-employment benefits, as outlined in PSAK 24. It explains the journal entries, financial reporting, and tax implications related to these benefits.

How are short-term employee benefits treated in the accounting system?

Short-term employee benefits, such as wages, salaries, and bonuses, are recognized as expenses when the entity benefits from the employee's services. These are credited to liabilities like 'wages payable' if not paid immediately, or to cash if paid directly.

What is the impact of actuarial losses on the financial statements?

Actuarial losses, which arise from changes in the assumptions used to calculate pension liabilities, are recognized in the comprehensive income statement. They affect the post-employment benefit liability and are amortized over future periods if applicable.

What happens when employee benefits are paid to employees?

When employee benefits are paid, the corresponding liability (e.g., wages payable) is reduced. The payment is typically credited to cash or bank, and the payment is also recognized as a tax-deductible expense in the financial statements.

How are pension costs handled under PSAK 24?

Pension costs under PSAK 24 are recognized as an expense in the period in which employees render services. The costs include current service costs, interest on the pension liability, and any actuarial gains or losses. These are reflected in both the profit and loss statement and the comprehensive income statement.

What is the significance of deferred tax assets in relation to employee benefits?

Deferred tax assets arise when the accounting treatment of employee benefits leads to tax effects that will reverse in the future. For example, when pension costs are recognized in a different period for accounting and tax purposes, it creates a temporary difference, resulting in a deferred tax asset.

What is the role of the balance sheet in accounting for employee benefits?

In the balance sheet, employee benefits are recognized as liabilities. For short-term benefits, this is usually in the form of 'wages payable' or 'bonus payable,' while post-employment benefits like pensions are recognized as 'employee benefit liabilities' under long-term liabilities.

What is the journal entry when a company accrues for employee benefits?

When a company accrues for employee benefits, the journal entry is typically a debit to the 'employee benefit expense' account and a credit to 'employee benefits liability' or 'wages payable' for short-term benefits. If the payment is made, the liability is reduced and cash or bank is credited.

What are the key components of a company's comprehensive income statement regarding employee benefits?

The comprehensive income statement reflects the impact of employee benefits in several components: the current service costs, actuarial gains or losses, and past service costs, which are all included in the statement. These elements affect both the income statement and the other comprehensive income section.