DATA STRUCTURES VIVA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | DATA STRUCTURES Interview QUESTIONS with ANSWERS

Summary

This video provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental data structures often discussed in interviews. It covers key concepts such as data structures, their goals, and differences between types like stacks, arrays, and linked lists. Topics include recursion, searching algorithms, function calls, memory management, and various data structures like queues, priority queues, circular lists, and double-linked lists. The video also addresses advantages and disadvantages of each structure, including implementation challenges, efficiency considerations, and common pitfalls like underflow, overflow, and dangling pointers. The content is ideal for those preparing for technical interviews or looking to deepen their understanding of data structures.

Takeaways

• 😀 Data structures are logical models for organizing data efficiently, and they can be classified into linear and nonlinear types.
• 😀 An Abstract Data Type (ADT) defines a data type by its operations and values, abstracting away implementation details.
• 😀 A stack is a dynamic, ordered collection of items following the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle, whereas an array is a static structure with a fixed size.
• 😀 A recursive definition defines an object in terms of simpler instances of itself, making it useful for problems like tree and list structures.
• 😀 Linked lists allow dynamic memory allocation and efficient insertion/deletion but lack the direct access capabilities of arrays.
• 😀 Binary search cannot be applied to sorted linked lists because they do not provide direct indexing or random access to elements.
• 😀 A queue is a collection that follows FIFO (First In, First Out), and a priority queue orders elements based on priority, either ascending or descending.
• 😀 Garbage collection is the process of freeing unused memory, and underflow/overflow occur when inserting into or deleting from an already full/empty structure.
• 😀 A circular linked list connects the last node back to the first, facilitating continuous traversal but preventing backward traversal.
• 😀 A doubly linked list has two pointers in each node, one to the next node and one to the previous node, allowing both forward and backward traversal.
• 😀 Function calls pass arguments, allocate local variables, and transfer control, while the return address ensures the function returns correctly.
• 😀 Dangling pointers occur when a pointer references freed memory; they can be avoided by setting the pointer to `NULL` after memory is freed.

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