Brave New Words - Bill Gates & Sal Khan

Summary

In a thought-provoking discussion, Bill Gates shares his insights on the future of AI in education and work. He emphasizes that AI will enhance productivity, making it crucial to develop deeper skill sets in fields like medical consultation, scientific thinking, and customer support. Gates highlights the irreplaceable value of jobs requiring deep human connection and empathy. He envisions a future where AI acts as an intern or research assistant, and the importance of managing these tools will rise. He also contemplates the potential for a shift towards leisure, with AI taking on more tasks, and the need for governments to adapt policies to support this transition. Gates is optimistic about AI's role in addressing global challenges but acknowledges concerns about governance and the ethical use of technology.

Takeaways

• 📚 AI will enhance productivity in various fields, including software development, where there's a high demand for quality software.
• 🧠 The job market is hard to predict, but deeper skills in areas like medical consultation, scientific thinking, and customer support will remain valuable even with AI advancements.
• 🚀 AI's capabilities are horizontal, affecting all areas rather than being confined to specific domains, implying that everyone will have access to AI assistance.
• 👩‍💼 Jobs requiring deep human connection and empathy, such as caring for the elderly or motivating students, will continue to be in high demand and are less likely to be replaced by AI.
• 🕰 We are experiencing two technological revolutions in parallel: AI for white-collar tasks and robotics for blue-collar tasks, both of which will lead to increased leisure time.
• 🤖 The rise of AI and robotics could lead to a future where labor is subsidized, and there's a shift in taxation from labor to capital and profits.
• 💼 In the future, traditional work involving data analysis and presentation may be automated, requiring a shift towards more strategic and managerial roles.
• 📝 AI can assist in education by providing feedback, helping with drafts, and creating study programs, which could change the dynamics of how students learn and are assessed.
• 🏫 The use of AI in education may require new methods for assessing students' abilities, as traditional tests may no longer be sufficient to measure a student's capabilities in the age of AI.
• 🌟 AI has the potential to provide personalized tutoring and can help identify and correct misconceptions, making high-quality education more accessible.
• ⚖️ There is a debate over the role of standardized testing in education, with AI offering the possibility of more nuanced and comprehensive assessments in the future.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the book 'Brave New Words'?

The main theme of 'Brave New Words' is the future of AI and its implications on education and work.

What advice does Bill Gates give to individuals trying to figure out what skills to focus on in the age of AI?

Bill Gates suggests focusing on deeper skill sets such as medical consultation, scientific thinking, or customer support, which will hold value even in a world where productivity is enhanced by AI.

How does Bill Gates perceive the future job market in relation to AI?

Gates believes it's hard to predict the exact job market landscape, but he emphasizes that roles requiring deep human connection and empathy will always be in demand and not easily replaced by AI.

What does Bill Gates think about the potential for leisure time as a result of AI advancements?

Gates anticipates that AI will lead to more leisure time due to increased productivity. However, he also acknowledges that past patterns of productivity have led to more work rather than less, so the outcome is not certain.

What is Bill Gates' perspective on the role of government in managing the impact of AI?

Gates sees a significant role for government in managing the impact of AI, including changing tax policies and implementing retraining programs. However, he expresses concern about whether governance structures are mature and agile enough to handle these challenges.

How does Bill Gates view the potential of AI in education?

Gates is excited about the potential of AI to provide personalized feedback and act as a custom tutor, which can help students engage more deeply with subjects and improve their learning outcomes.

What does Bill Gates suggest about the future of assessment in education with the advent of AI?

Gates believes that AI can provide richer and more nuanced assessments that can better capture a student's understanding and progress. However, he also acknowledges that there is still work to be done to ensure these AI assessments are as effective as human-led assessments.

What is the importance of managing AI's impact on jobs, according to Bill Gates?

Gates stresses the importance of ensuring that AI's impact on jobs is managed in a way that benefits society as a whole. This includes creating opportunities for people to upskill and transition into new roles that complement AI, rather than being replaced by it.

How does Bill Gates address the concern about AI's potential to exacerbate existing societal issues?

Gates acknowledges the potential for AI to exacerbate issues like bias and divisiveness. He emphasizes the need for governance and regulation to ensure that AI is used equitably and does not contribute to societal divisions.

What does Bill Gates envision as the future of productivity with AI?

Gates envisions a future where AI enhances productivity, leading to improvements in various sectors such as healthcare, education, and elderly care. He believes that increased productivity can help address societal challenges more effectively.

What are Bill Gates' thoughts on the potential for AI to improve motivation in learning?

Gates sees AI as a tool that can help understand and motivate students more effectively. He believes that AI tutors can provide the right level of encouragement and make learning more engaging and beneficial for students.

Outlines

00:00

📚 AI's Impact on Education and Workforce

The paragraph discusses the future of AI in education and the workforce. The speaker, from Khan Academy, introduces Bill Gates as a guest and delves into the implications of AI on productivity and job markets. It emphasizes the importance of deeper skill sets and human connection in jobs that are less likely to be automated. The conversation also touches on the potential for AI to serve as an 'intern' or 'research assistant,' and the enduring need for roles that require empathy and personal interaction. Additionally, the paragraph explores the idea of increased leisure time due to AI advancements and the possible shift towards a shorter work week.

05:01

🚀 The Acceleration of AI in Economy and Society

This section of the script focuses on the rapid integration of AI into the economy and its potential to alter job markets within the next five to ten years. It suggests that the impact of AI could lead to a significant shift in how labor and leisure are valued, possibly resulting in a 'robot tax' and subsidies for labor. The discussion also addresses the automation of traditional work tasks and the need for individuals to take on more managerial and strategic roles. The importance of education in preparing individuals for these changes is highlighted, with a focus on how AI can be used as a tool for learning and assessment.

10:03

🤖 AI and the Future of Skill Assessment

The paragraph explores the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in the context of skill assessment. It acknowledges the limitations of traditional testing methods and the potential for AI to provide richer, more personalized assessments. The conversation also touches on the importance of objective assessment and the need for AI to reach a level where it can effectively mimic the depth of interaction between a student and a knowledgeable professor. The potential for AI to accommodate different learning styles and skills is also discussed, along with the hope that AI can help make education more accessible and effective.

15:07

🌟 The Role of AI in Enhancing Productivity and Addressing Social Challenges

This section envisions a future where AI enhances productivity, leading to improvements in various sectors such as healthcare, education, and elderly care. It suggests that the increased efficiency due to AI could address societal challenges like aging and climate change. The paragraph also acknowledges the need for government intervention to manage the transition, including tax policy changes and retraining programs. The discussion highlights the importance of using AI equitably and avoiding its misuse, such as in deep fakes or cyber attacks.

20:08

🌐 Political and Governance Challenges in the AI Era

The final paragraph delves into the political and governance challenges that come with the advancement of AI. It expresses optimism about AI's potential to improve areas like malaria eradication and education but also voices concerns about whether current governance structures are equipped to handle the rapid changes and ethical considerations that AI presents. The conversation ends on a note that emphasizes the importance of innovation and the need for proactive measures to ensure that AI is used for the greater good.

Keywords

💡Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. In the video, AI is central to discussions about the future of education, work, and its broader societal implications. It is portrayed as a technology that will enhance productivity and change job market dynamics.

💡Productivity

Productivity is the efficiency of output per unit of input, and in the context of the video, it is discussed in relation to how AI can increase the efficiency of tasks, leading to a potential shift in the job market and leisure time. The video explores the idea that AI might lead to a more productive society, which could have profound effects on work culture and lifestyle.

💡Deep Learning

Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers (hence 'deep') to analyze various factors of data. The video touches on deep learning as part of the advancements in AI that are making tasks like reading and writing more efficient, which could lead to significant changes in white-collar jobs.

💡Robotics

Robotics involves the development and operation of robots, which are increasingly becoming a part of various industries. In the video, Bill Gates mentions the parallel development of robotics alongside AI, suggesting a future where physical tasks may be performed by general-purpose robots, leading to more leisure time for humans.

💡Human Connection and Empathy

Human connection and empathy refer to the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. The video emphasizes jobs that require deep human connection and empathy, such as caring for the elderly or motivating students, as areas where AI is less likely to substitute for human roles. These roles are seen as irreplaceable by AI in the foreseeable future.

💡Leisure Time

Leisure time is the period when an individual is free to pursue personal interests, hobbies, or rest. The video discusses the potential for increased leisure time due to AI and automation, suggesting that as productivity increases, people may have more time for personal fulfillment and less time spent on work-related tasks.

💡Job Market

The job market refers to the system of labor supply and demand. The video explores how AI will impact the job market, with predictions that certain jobs will become automated, while others will evolve to require more management and strategic skills, as AI takes over more routine tasks.

💡Education

Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and habits. The video discusses the role of AI in education, suggesting that AI can provide personalized tutoring and feedback, potentially revolutionizing how students learn and how educators teach.

💡Assessment

Assessment is the process of evaluating the quality, effectiveness, or amount of something. In the context of the video, assessment is discussed in relation to education, where AI could provide richer and more nuanced evaluations of student performance, moving beyond traditional standardized testing.

💡Workforce Retraining

Workforce retraining involves teaching new skills to workers to adapt to changes in the job market. The video suggests that as AI changes the nature of work, there will be a need for government policies that support retraining programs to help workers transition to new roles.

💡Tax Policies

Tax policies are the government's rules and regulations concerning taxation. The video discusses the potential need for tax policy changes in response to AI, such as taxing capital and profits more and labor less, to reflect the shift in productivity and the value of human work.

Highlights

AI will make people more productive, enhancing job roles like software writing and creating higher quality software.

The job market is hard to predict, but deeper skill sets in areas like medical consultation, scientific thinking, and customer support will hold value even with AI advancements.

AI capabilities are horizontal in nature, affecting all fields rather than being topic-specific, implying everyone will have access to an 'intern' or 'research assistant'.

Jobs requiring deep human connection and empathy, like helping the elderly or motivating students, will always be in high demand and are less likely to be replaced by AI.

There are two technological revolutions happening in parallel: AI for white-collar tasks and robotics for blue-collar tasks, both leading to more leisure time for individuals.

The future may see a shift towards a four-day work week as productivity increases, and there could be a 'robot tax' to subsidize labor.

Investment banks and consulting firms may need to adapt by subsidizing interns and junior analysts to maintain a sense of purpose and skill development.

Education will need to adapt to AI by creating environments where students cannot use software tools to test their abilities.

AI can provide personalized feedback and tutoring, which can enhance learning but also poses challenges for traditional testing methods.

The role of AI in education will likely accelerate the need for individuals to take on higher-level roles such as architects, editors, and managers.

Workplace productivity will increase as AI assists in creating business plans and other tasks, but human value addition remains crucial.

AI's role in journalism is improving, but the human aspect of making contacts and forming bonds is still irreplaceable.

Assessment methods may change with AI providing richer, more nuanced evaluations that can adapt to different learning styles.

AI has the potential to give more personalized and effective educational experiences, particularly for students who struggle with motivation.

The political and governance challenges of AI include managing deep fakes, bias, and AI-enabled cyber attacks.

There is a need for government to play a significant role in shaping the future of AI, including tax policies and retraining programs.

The future of work and education in five years will likely see more automation in straightforward jobs and increased productivity in others, leading to improvements in healthcare, education, and elderly care.

Bill Gates expresses optimism about AI's potential to improve areas like healthcare and education but acknowledges concerns about governance and the societal impact of AI.

Transcripts

hi everyone s here from Khan Academy and

as some of you all know I have released

my second book Brave New words about the

future of AI and education and work it's

available wherever you might buy your

books but as part of the research for

that book I did some interviews with

some Fascinating People which you are

about to watch I'm very excited to

introduce you to Our Guest who probably

needs no introduction Bill Gates Bill

thanks for joining us great to see you

so I know AI is very front of mind for

you uh obviously all of us at Khan

Academy have been thinking a lot about

AI in education and you know the the

focus of this is AI in education and

work and I'll start with a question that

I'm getting from a lot of teenagers and

folks in college and their parents is

given what you know about what's

happening in artificial intelligence and

maybe in other Technologies well like

what advice would you give to someone

who's trying to figure out what skills

should they focus on or not focus on

what should they major in what are the

jobs going to look like or not look like

well the

AI

uh will make people more productive and

you know in some cases like writing

software you know there's a lot of unmet

demand for good software you can make it

higher quality

software exactly what the job market

looks like is very hard to predict but

the deeper skill set you know whe

whether it's medical consultation or uh

scientific thinking or customer

support uh you know the more value

that's going to have even in a world

where your productivity will be enhanced

by having this sort of almost

free uh worker you know is looking over

your shoulder giving you advice uh

giving giving you lots of feedback on

what it is that you're doing so I don't

think there's anything like you know

don't become a barber or a

radiologist that we have in mind because

this the new capabilities are very

horizontal in nature it's not a a topic

specific uh set of

advances so it's it's kind of like

everyone's going to have a an intern or

a research assistant or an analyst so

maybe the answer is don't be the

research assistant or the intern or the

analyst learn to manage them yeah and

and of course jobs like uh you know

helping handicapped elderly uh helping

to motivate

students uh you know there's such an

infinite demand for those things even in

the rich world but even more

dramatically so in developing countries

that you know jobs that require deep

human connection and

empathy uh you know we'd say it's a long

ways off uh before there's a a

substitute for those things you know we

have two revolutions kind of in parallel

we have this uh chat BT enabled sort of

reading and writing White Collar

enhancement but in the meantime people

shouldn't underestimate that the blue

collar sort of Robotics eventually

leading to a humanoid robot that's quite

general purpose in terms of the physical

skills arms

legs uh

the things that it can do that's also

happening and so the good news is that

we're going to have more Leisure Time uh

that a lot of the shortages that we have

on medical advice or when we get

confused being able to be straightened

out you know we have this supply of

these new

capabilities and you know the unique

roles that humans take on or you know

how they'll take their extra spare time

and and make that fulfilling uh are our

challenges you know what you just

touched on is interesting because I

think people have always theorized that

hey we're going to get more productive

we're going to be able to do more with

less time and so we'll have more Leisure

which is you know I think utopian for a

lot of folks but it looks like the

patterns of the past of productivity

improvements are if anything that the

the hyperproductive are working harder

that they're they're they they're

because they get so much leverage from

from every minute um that it's not

necessarily leading to that do you think

something's different about this wave

where maybe things like the four-day or

maybe even eventually a three-day work

week will will become common or do you

think people are just going to be able

to do more with less and hire fewer

people than they do today the analogies

from the past

are worth understanding but the changes

in the past were generational in nature

you know so the mechanization of the

primary occupation which was growing

food that happens

gradually uh and so you know Grandpa was

a farmer and you know your parents less

so and then you know now I don't know

many Rich World Farmers I know a few but

not many uh and so you didn't have to

change midcareer

and you know the it is true that demand

for things uh that we wouldn't have

expected emerged and so it's comforting

to look at that history but the total

level of capability here and the speed

at which it's going to suffuse into the

economy and change job markets you know

five years the effect will be very

substantial I'd say in 10 years it's

going to be quite dramatic and so I

don't think we can

completely dismiss the idea of uh uh

this change

will uh finally get us to the point

where the tradeoff between labor and

Leisure uh actually becomes

important and you know instead of taxing

labor like with payroll

taxes uh you know I called it a robot

tax when I talked about it and people

thought it was strange but we'll shift

to where we essentially subsidize labor

and tax you know completely on the the

capital and and profit side which is a

that alone is a pretty big shift that

government will need to make it's a

fascinating idea it makes a ton of sense

because obviously if we have a more

abundant Society more productive Society

but you know let's take an investment

bank or consulting firm a lot of the

traditional work that people are

building and the size of the

organization are analysts doing

spreadsheets and making PowerPoint

presentations and a lot of that stuff's

going to get automated very fast and so

this is a world where you subsidize

these firms to say no keep hiring

interns keep hiring these Junior

analysts um we'll Subs so have a sense

of purpose as opposed to these young

people not having something to do not

building their skill set and never being

able to become the the

manager yeah if you get to the extreme

where you know the purpose that jobs

provide uh isn't the central organizing

principal Society then you get into you

know some deep philosophical questions

about you know what should priorities

and what what is the purpose in an

abstruse way you know the Boston Book

superintelligence touched on that I I

don't really think it's that's been

written about all that well um you know

life

3.0 did a good job of saying okay what

is the role of the intelligence in these

futuristic scenarios lot of new books

coming out right now I haven't uh been

able to catch up to them all uh probably

some of those will be will be helpful

I'm I'm interviewing you right now for

one of them perfect

this and and um just going back to I

guess more uh uh Basics so to speak

obviously a lot of the folk we talk a

little bit about work but now going back

to the core of Education which I know

you care deeply about we've chatted many

times about

education right now there's a bit of an

emergency going on in education people

like kids are going to cheat using this

technology how what what do you have an

answer for and we're hearing this from

every you know faculty across grade

levels

across what would you do if you were a a

a history Professor or a writing

professor at a high school or a or

college right

now well to have a pure test of

somebody's ability to write on their own

or calculate on their own you'll need to

create

a an environment where they they don't

have access to the software tools our

efforts to detect whether software has

helped you write

something uh you know we'll catch the

sloppiest you know sort of the

equivalent of cotton paste from

Wikipedia but in the end uh we won't be

able to tell because there'd be such a

variety of tools and the variety of

prompts uh will make that quite

difficult so the good news here is that

for the first time if you write on a

topic the AI can give you feedback uh it

can help you with the first draft it can

uh help compare what you've done to to

something else it can create a program

of study of things that you might try to

write about and so the level of

Engagement where it can uh help you

whenever you're stuck really is

something new it goes even beyond the

fact that there's great YouTube videos

about all the sciences and history this

gets into the realm of Uh

custom to tutors and feedback on reading

and writing so the Paradox that now we

have this tool that if you want to learn

it makes it easier but testing

somebody's uh capability we're going to

have to use new techniques and sadly in

some cases it might make people feel

like wow wow if it's so good uh you know

do I still need to push myself uh as

hard we're you know you and I are seing

both for personal fulfillment and to

play uh a role in contribution in a in a

job market the higher level your skills

are you know the more uh it it will

retain a substantial value so the you

know helping kids learn how to

uh get feedback on their

writing um I think that's imperative

because we we do a very poor job of that

today so what I'm hearing is is that not

only is there not less of a reason

there's more of a reason to accelerate

part the earlier part of our

conversation which is those intern level

entry level things are quickly going to

expect you to be more of the architect

more of the editor more of the manager

and if you can't make that leap sooner

than later the good news is these same

tools can be used to do that which I

agree with as well and obviously we're

working on a lot of that what would you

uh so if if there was a profession I

mean we get emails from folks maybe you

do too of like what do I do this fall

like what and it sounds like you would

do more in-class Proctor things for

assessment and would you still do the

traditional term paper or would you

change the rules of engagement on that

well yes in the

workplace people are going to be

encouraged to come up with the best

product they can where it's them plus

the AI and so there's no reason not to

have that be one of the uh skills that

you practice is hey you know let's do a

business plan and sure you know learn

how to use the very best AI tools but

you know I will view the if I just have

the AI do it without any of your value

added you know that's going to be like a

c minus uh are worse uh you have to get

in there and you know bring in a little

more accuracy different sources of

knowledge uh and you know have have

unique uh value added I mean you

understand the audience that it's going

to it's even hard still for the computer

to understand all those different

context so yes uh you're going to have

two kinds of writing uh writing you do

completely without the help of the

computer and writing you do where you're

encouraged to make it be the best

assistant possible no that makes sense

you know we talked to Kevin Roose who

writes for the New York Times also

famously wrote about his interactions

with Sydney and all of that uh and his

point is there's writing and there's

journalism the writing the AIS are

getting very good at but the journalism

making the contacts being able to

interview people form bonds Etc and that

there's an analog to everything if

you're an

entrepreneur doing user testing you know

although the AI might might be able to

do pieces of that related to this whole

practice feedback you know you you

touched on the word assessment I'm

curious what you where you think

assessment is going obviously for many

years scalable assessment was fairly

limited Scantron multiple choice that's

what we did because we couldn't do

richer assessment it started to drive

what does or does not happen in the

classroom do you think that's about to

change well there's a controversy over a

assessment uh independent of the AI you

know should SAT scores

be part of college admissions you know I

do think uh proving that your math

skills and your you know basic

understanding of you know history and uh

science is strong you know that's pretty

important and that when you want to

consolidate knowledge the fact that

you'll be asked very broad questions

about it is very motivational to making

it accessible not just okay tomorrow

I'll know it in a simplistic form rather

I know how to access it and combine it

with my other knowledge so I'm still

somebody who thinks that tests uh can

help you know you know where you are in

a subject area and you know it's a

meritocratic thing that uh you really

want to be able to prove that you have

some cap capability certainly when I go

to a doctor I'm glad they've been

subject to some uh uh examination and

and test of their competence now dealing

with the fact that if you have a

disadvantaged background even if you're

on a slope to get really

good that looking at you just at that

moment in time you know may not maybe

shouldn't be directly comparable that's

an interesting challenge partly that's

why I love the idea of the computer

tutor because uh it can be encouraging

it can come it can understand what your

misconceptions are uh and it will you

know if we can make it available very

broadly it means that the sophistication

that say my parents you know provided to

me as college graduates is less

unique uh in a world where the the AI

tutor is super helpful in in a huge

variety of subjects but you know I'll

stick up in many cases you know having a

objective assessment assessment of your

skills um you know I I think once you

move away from that you're in a uh a

very difficult place even in terms of

your own discipline of do I understand

this topic or not yeah no I I I agree

and you know whenever someone says oh

I'm against standardized assessment I'm

like which part are you against the

standardized part or the assessment part

and it's usually hard for them to be

against either of those but I think what

they are implicitly saying is they feel

like it's maybe not fully capturing

where the student is there's only

certain things you can measure maybe

it's not capturing their slope to your

point it's a snapshot in time do you

think that AI in the next five years 10

years might solve this by being able to

give richer assessment and you know

assessment could be where you are in

math it could be where you are in

writing it could even be things like job

interviews that's a form of assessment

uh career progression do you think it's

going to play a big role there well I

think given that we still have certain

imperfections in the

AI uh people can still be skeptical when

we say that a interactive assessment

with the AI discussing a topic like your

understanding of history or economics

that that we can make that equivalent to

the very best sort of uh Professor who

would engage you deeply and and I think

we will get to that level and that is

superior to just a set of standardized

questions uh that you know have to have

sort of a a straightforward answer and

you know your your richness of

understanding the topic

uh and there is you know there are

people who are better at

multiple choice type questions and test

things you know I I think you and I

probably would have done well

educationally but I think partly we are

good at tests and and I felt bad for

kids who you know the test I could tell

they were intimidated you know when that

you know multiple choice you have to

answer all of these in an hour would

come out so by

accommodating a more flexible dialogue I

think different styles of

learning uh will will be appreciated

different a broader set of skills will

be appreciated but we still have to

prove that uh to people we're not we're

not at that level of matching a a great

uh Professor discussing a topic with you

yet and then being able to actually give

a good assessment of it exactly we've

seen we can emulate the actual

discussion part quite good already but

that the strong assessment I think

there's but but probably going to happen

my guess yes it's going to happen I mean

it's it when you have experts who are

good at something that's linguistic in

nature and as you gather those data sets

and constantly give feedback to them you

know even with today's mechanisms which

uh can be improved but even just with

this we can develop uh something like a

human

expert and I mean with that it's funny I

mean this conversation as you know even

a year ago would have all seemed like

science fiction and this is all uh

changing so quickly I I know I feel this

way and I feel like I'm in the middle of

it but still things are changing so fast

you also are probably seeing even

more I want to ask you a long-term

question because who knows what the

world's going to be like in even 20

years but let's say five years which is

I think what most people should be kind

of planning for in their lives whether

they run a company whether they're a

young person for their career what do

you think the world of education and

work is going to look like like paint a

picture are we are we going to be able

to have a video conference with I mean I

I don't want to Cloud your what would it

look like how's it going to be

dramatically different or not than than

the world we're in right now well

there'll be a certain set of jobs where

you're just moving documents around and

looking at documents say you know

accounting or medical claims where the

depth of understanding in those jobs is

pretty

straightforward and some of those jobs

will just be purely

automated then there'll be a ton of jobs

where they're still being done by humans

uh you know like making greeting cards

um and I went back and watched the movie

her uh because it raises uh in a pretty

I thought greeting cards were definitely

going to be automated because now you

can have mass customization of greeting

cards well anyway yeah you you probably

can do it by yourself uh to you know

take you know Dolly 10 uh and say Hey

you know here's how I want to make fun

of my sister remind her about this thing

from the past and here's some photos to

stick in that so yeah you might you

might eliminate the professional there

because it's very uh you and the AI can

do it in a very bespoke way but there'll

be a lot of jobs left that are just more

productive and that you know where you

have this kind of co-pilot that's taking

the you know okay convert the PowerPoint

to a Word document and boom you know

that draft is available for you to uh

have as as the starting point and you

know so that extra

productivity will create you know new

opportunity to take things like Medical

Care and make it better education and

make it better care of the elderly and

and make it better uh you know

productivity is a good thing and people

have been boning and there's many books

about oh you know we had electricity and

then since then everything hasn't been

quite at least the way it reflects into

economic figures as dramatic as what

happened there this you will see in the

economic figures in a big way both the

robotic side of it and the uh llm

reading and writing uh part of it as

well so in five years we will uh be in a

different space you know hopefully we

won't you know elections will still be

uh uncontested and you know deep fak

won't won't make the problems we already

have there even more difficult uh it is

interesting that government at a time

when you know it's not as trusted as

we'd like will have to step forward and

change tax policies and have retraining

policies and you know be part of the

dialogue of setting rules you know the

entire industry is saying you know

there's a role for government here but

uh you know we have at at a time where

trust in that and the divisiveness is is

very challenging so I hope uh you know

that we haven't suffered that much from

the negatives in the The Five-Year time

period And by then uh you know Society

will have reoriented itself and say okay

how do we avoid this being used as a an

attack vehicle how do we make sure it's

used in an equitable way you know

certainly the dreams I have about you

know health and education poor

countries uh you know I think it'll take

us five years to kind of get it out and

get into widespread use five years is a

very short uh period of time but it lays

a foundation where I hope by being more

productive as a society many of the

challenges of Aging or climate uh or you

know people expecting government to do

more than it's capable of doing that

will say wow you know we're making

obesity drugs better better we're making

Alzheimer's drugs better and you'll get

this sort of positive view of the

current system and making not making it

work better in an incremental way versus

uh the divisiveness or you know even

considering radical Alternatives that uh

I think would be pretty scary so

Innovation here because it will surprise

people it's not expected does have a lot

of positive

upside yeah that leads to the last

question which is how are you feeling

you know I my view on AI changes almost

daily as I read more and I think more

and have conversations like this are you

feeling net positive are you really

worried about certain things within your

positivity are you net negative how how

are you feeling about it and what what

are the things you're thinking most

about you know I'm thrilled that when I

you know sit with the malaria team and

we talk about uh how we're going to have

you know better ways of killing

mosquitoes that you know these software

things can help with or you know we sit

and talk about kids who've decided

they're not good at math that we haven't

made much progress uh you know for those

kids uh you know just having all the

ability to try out their knowledge you

know that wasn't enough to draw them in

uh and so that that issue of motivation

and the fact the AI tutor one of its

excellent things will be understanding

the right level the right encouragement

the to make it somebody feel like yeah

this mathematical understanding of the

world is something that can work for me

and make my life better even Beyond uh

what sort of job opportunities it

enables so I I'm very thrilled about

that the world that we're delivering it

into and its ability to have you know

complex factual debates and you know

different countries try out different

regulations I would say that the

political

challenge uh that where everyone says

government has this big big role to play

to take advantage of the positives uh

for example changing the tax structure

and to mitigate negatives you know deep

fakes bias uh AI enabled cyber attacks

uh you know are is our our governance

structures mature enough agile enough

and can they consensus enough uh that

we'll manage this opportunity in a good

way and there are definitely days uh

that I worry uh we won't the government

side of this thing won't step up to

what's necessary yeah well I could talk

to you for several more hours maybe days

about this but Bill thanks for taking

your time out for this this is super

valuable no it's fun to be on this

journey together and uh you know we'll

uh be great partner and help you realize

your

vision great well we appreciate that so

much it is exciting times let's see what

happens all right thanks all right

thanks Bill