What is ATACMS and Why is it Important to Ukraine?

Summary

该视频脚本深入探讨了攻击性高机动火箭系统（ATACMS）的重要性和历史背景，特别是对乌克兰的军事意义。ATACMS是一种短至中程的精确打击弹道导弹，能够迅速响应指挥官对时间敏感目标的打击需求。视频回顾了从20世纪50年代的核武器危机、陆军与空军的角色转变，到越南战争后对非核武器的需求，再到80年代的空中陆地作战概念，详细讲述了ATACMS的发展历程。它强调了ATACMS在战场上的灵活性和反应能力，以及它如何在伊拉克自由行动中发挥关键作用，特别是在空军受沙尘暴影响时。视频还讨论了ATACMS的不同变种，包括M39、M39A1、M48以及它们的改进型，以及它们如何适应现代战场的需求。最后，视频提到了美国将ATACMS捐赠给乌克兰的决策，以及乌克兰可能如何利用这些导弹来对付俄罗斯的防空系统，创造战场上的优势。

Takeaways

• 🚀 攻击型哈姆斯（ATACMS）是一种短至中程的精确打击弹道导弹，用于时间敏感目标。
• 🎯 ATACMS对于陆军指挥官来说重要，因为它提供了一种在不依赖空军的情况下，对敌后深部目标进行打击的手段。
• ⏱️ 在越南战争后，陆军保持了对深度打击选项的需求，以实现师级组织的及时打击，而不必调用空军。
• 📡 自1978年发射第一颗GPS卫星以来，制导技术的进步使得使用非核武器进行精确打击成为可能。
• 💣 MGM-52 Lance是ATACMS的前身，能够携带核弹头或单一常规弹头，以及集束弹药。
• 🛰️ 1980年代提出的“空地一体战2000”概念强调了灵活性、机动性、致命性和响应性，这要求战场指挥官能够独立行动。
• 🚁 攻击型哈姆斯在海湾战争期间首次使用，主要用于打击敌方雷达和后勤补给点。
• 🔄 攻击型哈姆斯的升级版本M39A1和M48增加了射程和精确度，提供了更多的战场灵活性。
• ⛔️ 攻击型哈姆斯对乌克兰来说可能不是用来攻击克里米亚大桥，而是用来打击俄军的地对空导弹雷达，迫使其后撤。
• 🌟 攻击型哈姆斯的快速反应能力使其成为对软目标进行时间敏感打击的理想选择。
• 🔄 攻击型哈姆斯正在被更先进的精确打击导弹（PrSM）取代，这可能是美国同意向乌克兰捐赠该导弹的原因之一。

Q & A

攻击哈姆（ATACMS）是什么？

攻击哈姆（ATACMS）是一种短至中程的精确打击弹道导弹，它能够由地面指挥官用于对时间敏感的目标进行打击。

为什么攻击哈姆对乌克兰很重要？

攻击哈姆对乌克兰很重要，因为它可以提供一种不需要空军支援，就能迅速对敌方深处目标进行打击的手段。

为什么攻击哈姆可能会以一种意想不到的方式被使用？

攻击哈姆可能会被用于打击软目标，如指挥所或后勤补给线，而不是像克里米亚大桥这样的硬目标，从而给敌方造成战略上的困境。

美国陆军在20世纪50年代面临了什么样的危机？

在20世纪50年代，美国陆军面临的危机是空军在战争中的作用日益突出，陆军需要找到自己在现代核战场上的定位，因此发展了自己的核武器，即“五军核力量”。

MGM-52 Lance导弹是何时取代Honest John导弹的？

MGM-52 Lance导弹在越南战争后，大约在20世纪70年代末取代了Honest John导弹。

攻击哈姆在海湾战争期间的使用情况如何？

在海湾战争期间，美军发射了24枚攻击哈姆导弹，主要用于打击敌方雷达系统和后勤补给点，以及一些伊拉克军队的火箭发射基地和桥梁。

攻击哈姆的M39A1变种与原始M39有何不同？

M39A1是M39的升级版，射程增加到了300公里，但只携带300枚集束弹药，而不是M39的950枚M74集束弹药。

攻击哈姆的M57变种有何特点？

M57变种提高了攻击哈姆的精确度，达到了9米的圆概率误差，并且增加了空爆能力。

攻击哈姆是如何与M270多管火箭发射系统配合使用的？

攻击哈姆的M39和M39A1型号可以装入M270多管火箭发射系统的发射舱中，两个导弹可以并排放置。

为什么美国可能会向乌克兰捐赠攻击哈姆？

美国可能会向乌克兰捐赠攻击哈姆，因为美国正在用更先进的精确打击导弹（PrSM）替换攻击哈姆，而乌克兰自战争开始以来一直请求这种武器。

攻击哈姆在乌克兰可能如何使用？

在乌克兰，攻击哈姆可能会用于打击俄军的地对空导弹雷达，迫使俄军将这些系统后撤至克里米亚，为乌克兰在前线的空中操作提供空间。

Outlines

00:00

🚀 攻击哈姆斯导弹的重要性与历史

第一段主要讨论了攻击哈姆斯（ATACMS，Army Tactical Missile System）导弹的重要性，它是一种短至中程的精确打击弹道导弹，能够迅速响应地面指挥官对时间敏感目标的需求。文中通过一个假设情景，说明了在没有空军支援的情况下，陆军指挥官如何利用攻击哈姆斯导弹对付敌方高级指挥官。此外，还回顾了攻击哈姆斯导弹的历史，从20世纪50年代的核武器危机，到70年代的MGM-52 Lance导弹，再到80年代的AirLand Battle 2000战术，展示了陆军如何保持其在现代战场上的相关性。

05:01

🔍 攻击哈姆斯导弹的发展历程与应用

第二段详细介绍了攻击哈姆斯导弹的发展历程，从最初的JTAC AMS（Joint Tactical Missile System）计划，到空军退出后成为陆军独立项目，再到1990年M39攻击哈姆斯Block 1的投入使用。文中还提到了攻击哈姆斯在海湾战争期间的使用情况，包括对敌方雷达和后勤目标的打击，以及在恶劣天气条件下的作战能力。此外，还讨论了攻击哈姆斯的不同变种，如M57和M57E1，以及它们如何提高导弹的精确度和作战效能。最后，提到了攻击哈姆斯导弹正在被Precision Strike Missile（精确打击导弹）所取代，这可能是美国同意向乌克兰捐赠攻击哈姆斯导弹的原因之一。

10:02

🎯 攻击哈姆斯导弹在乌克兰的潜在用途

第三段探讨了攻击哈姆斯导弹在乌克兰的潜在用途。尽管许多人认为乌克兰可能会使用这种导弹攻击克里米亚大桥，但文中提出了不同的观点，认为乌克兰更有可能利用攻击哈姆斯导弹打击俄罗斯的地对空导弹雷达系统，从而迫使俄军将这些系统后撤至克里米亚，为乌克兰在前线提供更多的操作空间。此外，攻击哈姆斯导弹的快速反应能力使其成为打击时间敏感目标的理想选择，如弹药列车或访问前线指挥所的重要将军。文中还比较了攻击哈姆斯导弹与乌克兰现有的巡航导弹，如英国的Storm Shadow，强调了攻击哈姆斯在速度和反应时间上的优势。

Keywords

💡攻击性地对地导弹

攻击性地对地导弹是一种用于对地面目标进行精确打击的武器。在视频中，它被描述为军队需要的一种短至中程的精确打击武器，可以由地面指挥官用于对时间敏感的目标进行打击。例如，如果情报网络发现敌方高级将领在后方训练基地，攻击性地对地导弹可以用来迅速消除这一高价值目标。

💡时间敏感目标（TSTs）

时间敏感目标指的是那些只在特定时间内存在或重要的目标，一旦错过时机，打击价值就会大大降低。视频中提到，如果美军师级指挥官需要打击敌方将领，时间敏感目标就需要快速反应，而攻击性地对地导弹提供了这种快速反应的能力。

💡MGM-52 Lance

MGM-52 Lance是一种地对地战术导弹，它在视频中被提及为较早期的武器系统，能够携带核弹头或单一常规弹头，用于摧毁地堡或集束弹药，用于反人员和反车辆作战。Lance导弹在1970年代末开始显得过时，但为后来的导弹系统奠定了基础。

💡M39攻击导弹（ATACMS）

M39攻击导弹是美国陆军的一种战术弹道导弹，它在1990年代初被开发出来，用于取代MGM-52 Lance。视频中提到，M39攻击导弹能够携带950 M74集束弹药，射程达到165公里，并且可以安装在M270多管火箭发射系统中。

💡Operation Desert Storm（沙漠风暴行动）

沙漠风暴行动是美国领导的联军对伊拉克的军事行动，旨在解放科威特。在视频中，攻击导弹在这次行动中首次使用，发射了32枚Block 1导弹，用于打击敌方雷达系统、后勤和补给站点，以及火箭发射基地等目标。

💡M39A1

M39A1是M39攻击导弹的升级版本，它在视频中被提及为具有300公里射程的导弹，尽管它只携带300枚集束弹药。这种导弹的改进提高了其打击能力，使其能够更有效地对抗敌方目标。

💡M48攻击导弹

M48攻击导弹是攻击导弹的一个变种，它在视频中被提及为携带单一500磅的单一弹头，适用于打击点目标，如建筑物或轻装甲指挥掩体。这种导弹在伊拉克自由行动中被广泛使用。

💡M57和M57E1

M57和M57E1是攻击导弹的两个变种，它们在视频中被提及为提高了导弹的精确度，达到了9米圆概率误差。M57E1还为旧的M39和M39A1导弹提供了翻新，达到了M57的标准，并增加了空爆能力。

💡M142高机动火箭系统（HIMARS）

M142高机动火箭系统是一种轻型、高机动性的火箭发射平台，它在视频中被提到可以发射攻击导弹。这增加了攻击导弹的灵活性和部署能力，因为它可以快速移动并从不同位置发射导弹。

💡Precision Strike Missile（PSM）

Precision Strike Missile（PSM）是攻击导弹的替代品，它在视频中被提及为具有比攻击导弹更远的射程，并且每个发射舱可以携带两枚导弹而不是一枚。PSM的开发和即将部署表明了美国陆军在战术导弹技术上的持续进步。

💡乌克兰冲突

乌克兰冲突是指乌克兰政府与俄罗斯支持的分离主义分子之间的持续冲突。在视频中提到，美国可能会向乌克兰捐赠攻击导弹，这将使乌克兰能够更有效地打击敌方的防空雷达、后勤补给线和时间敏感的软目标，从而增加其在战场上的灵活性和反应能力。

Highlights

攻击性地对地导弹（ATACMS）对于乌克兰来说非常重要，因为它可以用于对时间敏感的目标进行精确打击。

ATACMS可以由地面指挥官使用，以应对短至中程的精确打击需求。

在战场上，陆军需要一种能够迅速深入敌方领土并进行打击的能力。

ATACMS的历史可追溯至20世纪50年代，当时美国陆军面临空军主导战场的危机。

陆军发展了‘五角大楼陆军’概念，拥有自己的核导弹，如MGR-1 Honest John。

越南战争后，陆军停止了核武器的使用，但保留了深度打击的概念。

MGM-52 Lance取代了Honest John，能够携带核弹头或单一常规弹头。

随着技术进步，1980年代引入了空地一体战2000概念，强调灵活性、机动性、致命性和响应性。

ATACMS的替代品JTAC AMS原本是空军和陆军的联合开发项目，但空军退出了。

1990年，M39 ATACMS Block 1携带M74集束弹药，射程165公里。

ATACMS在海湾战争期间首次使用，主要用于打击敌方雷达系统和后勤补给点。

M39A1是M39的升级版，射程增至300公里，主要携带集束弹药。

M48 ATACMS变体携带单个500磅的单一弹头，适用于打击点目标。

在伊拉克自由行动中，美国发射了414枚ATACMS，主要用于打击敌方防空系统。

ATACMS不受天气影响，即使在沙尘暴期间也能继续发射。

ATACMS正在被Precision Strike Missile（PSM）取代，PSM射程更远，每个发射舱可携带两枚导弹。

美国同意向乌克兰捐赠ATACMS，可能与PSM即将投入使用有关。

乌克兰可能会收到集束炸弹变体的ATACMS，这可能用于打击俄罗斯的地对空导弹雷达。

ATACMS能够快速打击软目标，为战场上的指挥官提供更多灵活性。

ATACMS与巡航导弹如英国的Storm Shadow相辅相成，提供了打击时间敏感目标的另一种工具。

Transcripts

what is attack hams why is it important

to Ukraine and why is it probably going

to be used in a way that you might not

expect now I did a story with journalist

Tim Mack of the counter offensive this

video is the companion to that article

so if you want to read more about the

system head on over to that article it's

in the description below so every Army

has a need for a short to medium range

Precision strike ballistic missile that

can be used by the commander on the

ground for time sensitive targets or

tsts think of it like your Intel Network

finds out that a top adversary General

is at a rear area training base and he's

there to review the troops but he's only

going to be there for a few hours now

the guy's not stupid he's not coming to

the front lines within range of

artillery but let's say you're a

division commander in the US Army and

you're assigned to fight this guy's

forces if you want to take him out you

kind of have to go through the is

Denny's menu of options to service this

target you might task a drone but a

drone could get shot down you might try

to insert a sniper team but their

helicopter gets shot down on the insert

and then you have to extract that team

after they're done servicing the target

you might try to attack with your

divisions Aviation assets like Apache

helicopters but again they could get

shot down now you might ask the Air

Force but they're they're off to an Air

Force things look Air Force is going to

air force it could take hours them to

get a strike package together if they

even do it at all now this needs to be

an army show it you need a way to reach

deep into enemy territory with a big

bomb and drop it on the guy's head

you need attack cams

quick history see back in the late 1950s

the Army was faced with a crisis the Air

Force was stealing the show it was the

jet age we pretty much thought we could

win Wars with jets by flying over the

enemy and dropping nuclear weapons so

how could the US Army even be relevant

on the modern nuclear Battlefield well

they would have to get their own nukes

too the Army for in this concept called

the pentatonic Army meaning Penta for

five and Tomic for Atomic the whole idea

was that the Army division would be

split into five battalions Penta and the

division would have its own nuclear

missiles in the form of the mgr1 Honest

John

smaller battalions would make less

attractive targets for Soviet nuclear

weapons and they can operate dispersed

come together for an attack and that

attack would be spearheaded by a nuclear

warhead from an honest John then they

would run through the nuclear fallout

break through the Gap that was created

by the nuclear weapon and exploit a

breakthrough and yes we actually tried

this and thought it was a good idea now

by the Vietnam War we had stopped all

this foolishness but we kept the idea of

giving division commanders an option for

deep strikes that were division

organized and time sensitive without

having to call the Air Force and

interrupt their golf game the MGM 52

Lance replaced the Honest John this

weapon could carry nuclear warheads or a

single conventional unitary Warhead for

taking up bunkers and it can also carry

cluster Munitions which are basically

many small grenades that are tossed from

the missile like the Johnny Appleseed of

death for anti-personnel and

anti-vehicle use now the Lance was

showing its age by the late 1970s and in

a lot of ways nuclear weapons aren't

that useful to a battlefield Commander

there could be political consequences

for using them and the guidance

technology was getting smarter with

miniaturization I mean back in the 1950s

you kind of needed a nuclear weapon

because the guidance systems on these

weapons weren't all that surgical if you

needed to take out a bridge it was just

easier to take out the entire city with

a nuclear weapon and the bridge goes

with it but the first GPS satellite was

launched in 1978 the technology was in

its infancy but it was getting ready for

its debut now by the 1980s we had this

concept called air Land Battle 2000

which was this playbook for a future war

that emphasized the doctrine of

flexibility maneuverability lethality

and responsiveness synchronization is

one of the basic tenets of AirLand

Battlefield operations its successful

application depends on focusing combat

power where it is needed through the

coordinated effort by all echelons of

the force at the same time towards the

primary goal set by the commander who

must be prepared to use all his

available combat resources to

successfully carry out the battlefield

Mission basically the idea of air Land

Battle was that a battle leader could

act independently as the situation

changed as long as they were still

following the commander's intent at a

new ballistic missile replacement for

the Lance would give that Battlefield

Commander more flexibility to engage

targets of opportunity within their

battle space without having to call the

Air Force the original intent for the

Lance missiles replacement was the jtac

AMS or joint tactical missile system

this weapon was supposed to be a joint

development between the Air Force and

the Army but the Air Force decided it

wanted long range cruise missiles

instead so it backed out of the program

so now it was an Army show the

development took nine years basically

the entire 1980s but by 1990 they had a

theater ballistic missile that pretty

much worked the M39 attack hams block 1

carried 950 m74 cluster Munitions and at

a flight range of 165 kilometers and two

of them could fit inside the launch Bays

of an m270 multiple rocket launch system

oh one more thing what's kind of neat is

that the container the missile came in

was disguised as a regular M26

anti-personnel rocket container you see

this front cover that looks like a Lego

does it contain six small M26 Rockets or

one big attack cam surprise attack

attack cams debuted during Operation

Desert Storm 24 attack amps fire

emissions were ordered and a total of 32

block 1 missiles were fired 10 of the

missions were seed or suppression of

enemy air defenses that's where you take

out enemy Radars and surf stair missile

launchers the other Target sets included

the logistics and refueling sites as

well all some Iraqi Army rocket staging

bases and in one case a bridge

kind of neat was that command and

control was simple you didn't need to

call and get the Air Force out of bed

you just saw the target launched the

rocket now the period after operations

Desert Storm so the creation of the

upgraded m39a1 which is essentially an

M39 but with a range of 300 kilometers

although it only carried 300 cluster

Munitions by the early 2000s the M48

attack amps variant was developed this

held a single 500 pound unitary Warhead

which should be useful for Point targets

like buildings or lightly fortified

command bunkers now this wasn't a

warhead that was designed to penetrate a

bunker or take out a bridge but it was

still useful if you found two terrorists

were meeting up in a house

by operation Iraqi Freedom the U.S fired

414 attack cams mainly the m39a1 rounds

but also some of the early unitary

rounds the targets are mainly seed

suppression of enemy air defenses but

they're also fire to targets of

opportunity

and that's what's kind of neat here

remember on March 25th the Coalition was

five days into the ground war of

operation Iraqi freedom and a sandstorm

basically grounded all of the

helicopters and aircraft flying in

support of the coalition

but attack amps continued to Fire and

strike deep into Targets in Iraq

it was the attack hams that kept up the

fight well the Air Force was grounded or

impaired weather really doesn't affect

attack camps now there were a few more

versions of the missile that were

created the there was this block to bat

which contained 13 brilliant anti-armor

technology submunitions that never quite

got off the ground then there was the

M57 variant which increased the accuracy

of the attack cams to a 9 meter Circle

then there was the m57e1 which

essentially took the older m39s and

m39a1s and refurbished them up to M57

standards while adding air burst

capability this system was also adapted

for the m142 highmar system so now

attack amps could be fired from two

different kinds of launchers mrls or

highmars the attack hands is currently

being replaced by the Precision strike

missile which has a longer range than

attack cams and Carries two rounds per

launch pod as opposed to a single pod of

attack amps and in a lot of ways this

might be why the US has agreed to donate

attack hams to Ukraine it's been over a

year and a half since the war in Ukraine

started and the Precision strike missile

is almost ready to be fielded in America

we tend to eat our fill before giving

away leftovers so how will this missile

be used in Ukraine well since the war

started Ukraine has begged for this

weapon and a lot of people think it

would be used to attack the Kurt

straight bridge but that might not be

the best use case just hear me out it

sounds like Ukraine will be getting the

cluster bomb variant of the attack amp

so either we're talking the M39 or the

m39a1 that's not very useful against a

bridge especially one as big as the Kurt

straight Bridge

but it could be very useful for taking

out Russian surface air missile Radars

this will force Russia to pull its

surface air missile systems even further

back into Crimea which gives Ukraine

space to operate over the front lines

and perform air operations if Ukraine

gets word that a Munitions train is

crossing the Kurt straight Bridge well

they can fire at that train and since

the attack cams is a guided missile they

can have it arrive right as that train

is crossing the bridge

if Ukraine hears an important General is

visiting a field command post they can

call in and attack him strike on that

command post it would take minutes

it really gives the option to strike

soft Targets in a time sensitive manner

now yeah a lot of the stuff could be

done with cruise missiles that Ukraine

currently has like the British Storm

Shadow I mean the sevastopol Naval Base

was just struck with the Storm Shadow

missile on the 23rd of September and it

was a successful operation Ukraine had

the launch c24 bombers they had to fly

to their release point they had to

release the weapons and they had to hope

that the cruise missiles which

incidentally aren't traveling that fast

maybe 0.8.9 mock

got there in time to catch whatever high

rank and Admiral while he was still

there

the attack amps flies at Mach 3 in a

ballistic trajectory and it can be

launched without asking the Air Force to

fly their planes so it complements

weapons like the Storm Shadow by

sacrificing a little bit of Warhead

payload for Speed on time sensitive

targets it's another tool in the toolkit

that creates dilemmas not problems

Russia hey if you like this video head

on over to counteroffensive.news and

read my article it gets a little bit

deeper into the attack Cam's missile and

thank you guys so much for watching

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