Calcular coordenadas UTM

Summary

This video explains the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinate system, which helps locate specific points on maps or terrain using GPS receivers. It covers how to calculate the 'sting' (east-west) and 'northing' (north-south) coordinates from a map, including the conversion of measurements and scale calculations. The script also demonstrates how to express full UTM coordinates, including using GPS systems and tools like Google Earth. It provides practical examples, such as calculating the coordinates for a specific point, helping users understand UTM coordinates and their real-world applications.

Takeaways

• 😀 UTM coordinates help locate specific points on a map or terrain using GPS receivers.
• 😀 The UTM system has two main coordinate types: Easting (X-axis) and Northing (Y-axis), used to measure distances on the map.
• 😀 Easting coordinates increase as you move eastward across the map, while Northing coordinates increase as you move northward.
• 😀 UTM measurements are made in meters, with the Easting values displayed along the top and bottom of the map, and Northing values on the sides.
• 😀 An example of Easting coordinates shows values increasing from 310,000 meters to 312,000 meters.
• 😀 Northing coordinates in the UTM system show values increasing from 4,575,000 meters upwards.
• 😀 A clear example is given of how to calculate UTM coordinates for a specific point on a map (example: Cota 651).
• 😀 The calculation for the Easting coordinate involves measuring the distance to the nearest meridian and adjusting for the scale of the map.
• 😀 The Northing coordinate is calculated by measuring the distance to the nearest parallel, similar to how the Easting is calculated.
• 😀 UTM coordinates are expressed with a combination of Easting, Northing, and the UTM zone (e.g., Zone 31T for the given example).

Q & A

What are UTM coordinates and what are they used for?

UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinates are a type of cartographic coordinate system used to locate specific points on a map or terrain. They are measured in meters and are particularly useful for GPS receivers to pinpoint locations accurately.

What does the term 'easting' refer to in UTM coordinates?

Easting (referred to as 'sting') in UTM coordinates indicates the distance towards the east from a central meridian. This distance is measured in meters and helps to specify a location along the horizontal axis of the map.

How does the 'northing' component of UTM coordinates work?

'Northing' refers to the distance towards the north from a reference parallel. It is measured in meters and defines the vertical position on a map, increasing as we move further north.

In the UTM system, how are the values for easting and northing represented on a map?

On a map, the values for easting are typically displayed on the top and bottom edges, while the values for northing are shown on the left and right edges. These values increase as you move east and north, respectively.

What units are used to measure the coordinates in the UTM system?

UTM coordinates are measured in meters, which allows for precise location referencing over relatively small areas, making them ideal for detailed map-based navigation.

What is the significance of a map's scale in calculating UTM coordinates?

A map's scale is crucial because it helps translate real-world distances into map measurements. For example, if a map's scale is 1:120,000, one centimeter on the map equals 200 meters in reality, allowing for accurate UTM calculations using a ruler.

How do you convert the easting and northing from a map to UTM coordinates?

To convert easting, measure the distance from the nearest central meridian, multiply by the scale factor, and add it to the reference value. Similarly, for northing, measure the distance from the closest parallel, apply the scale factor, and add it to the reference parallel's value.

What are the UTM zone and band, and how are they determined?

The UTM zone is determined by the longitudinal region, and the band is determined by the latitude. The UTM zone and band values are needed to fully specify the location, and they can be found in the map legend or using software like Google Earth.

What is an example of calculating the easting for a specific point?

For a point with a meridian reference of 310 kilometers, converting to meters gives 310,000 meters. If the point is 26 millimeters away from the nearest meridian and the map scale is 1:120,000, the additional easting distance is 520 meters, making the total easting 310,520 meters.

How is the northing value for a location calculated in the UTM system?

To calculate the northing, measure the distance from the nearest reference parallel to the point. Multiply the measurement by the scale factor and add it to the reference northing. For instance, if the reference parallel is 4,577 kilometers and the point is 29 millimeters south, the northing is 4,577,580 meters.